Problem 52 For each compound, write the cat... [FREE SOLUTION]

Chapter 4: Problem 52

For each compound, write the cation and anion with the appropriate charge.Then write the chemical formula for each compound. Example: sodium fluoride, Na' \(^{+}, {F}^{-}, {NaF}\) a. magnesium oxide b. rubidium bromide c. strontium iodide d. beryllium fluoride e. aluminum chloride f. lead sulfide

Short Answer

Expert verified

a. \( \text{MgO} \); b. \( \text{RbBr} \); c. \( \text{SrI}_2 \); d. \( \text{BeF}_2 \); e. \( \text{AlCl}_3 \); f. \( \text{PbS} \).

Step by step solution

Identify the cation and its charge for magnesium oxide

The cation in magnesium oxide is magnesium (Mg). Magnesium ions typically have a charge of +2, so we write it as \( \text{Mg}^{2+} \).

Identify the anion and its charge for magnesium oxide

The anion in magnesium oxide is oxide, which is derived from oxygen. Oxide ions typically have a charge of -2, so it is represented as \( \text{O}^{2-} \).

Write the chemical formula for magnesium oxide

Since the charges of Mg and O are +2 and -2 respectively, they cancel each other out, resulting in a neutral compound. Thus, the chemical formula for magnesium oxide is \( \text{MgO} \).

Identify the cation and its charge for rubidium bromide

The cation in rubidium bromide is rubidium (Rb). Rubidium ions typically have a charge of +1, so we write it as \( \text{Rb}^{+} \).

Identify the anion and its charge for rubidium bromide

The anion in rubidium bromide is bromide, which comes from bromine. Bromide ions typically have a charge of -1, so it is represented as \( \text{Br}^{-} \).

Write the chemical formula for rubidium bromide

With charges of +1 for Rb and -1 for Br, they balance each other out, resulting in the chemical formula \( \text{RbBr} \).

Identify the cation and its charge for strontium iodide

The cation in strontium iodide is strontium (Sr). Strontium ions typically have a charge of +2, so we write it as \( \text{Sr}^{2+} \).

Identify the anion and its charge for strontium iodide

The anion in strontium iodide is iodide, which comes from iodine. Iodide ions typically have a charge of -1, so it is represented as \( \text{I}^{-} \).

Write the chemical formula for strontium iodide

Since each strontium ion has a +2 charge and each iodide ion has a -1 charge, we need two iodide ions to balance one strontium ion, resulting in the formula \( \text{SrI}_2 \).

Identify the cation and its charge for beryllium fluoride

The cation in beryllium fluoride is beryllium (Be). Beryllium ions typically have a charge of +2, so we write it as \( \text{Be}^{2+} \).

Identify the anion and its charge for beryllium fluoride

The anion in beryllium fluoride is fluoride, which comes from fluorine. Fluoride ions typically have a charge of -1, so it is represented as \( \text{F}^{-} \).

Write the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride

With a +2 charge on Be and a -1 charge on each F, two fluoride ions are needed per beryllium ion, resulting in the formula \( \text{BeF}_2 \).

Identify the cation and its charge for aluminum chloride

The cation in aluminum chloride is aluminum (Al). Aluminum ions typically have a charge of +3, so we write it as \( \text{Al}^{3+} \).

Identify the anion and its charge for aluminum chloride

The anion in aluminum chloride is chloride, which comes from chlorine. Chloride ions typically have a charge of -1, so it is represented as \( \text{Cl}^{-} \).

Write the chemical formula for aluminum chloride

Al has a charge of +3 and Cl has a charge of -1, requiring three chloride ions to balance one aluminum ion, giving the formula \( \text{AlCl}_3 \).

Identify the cation and its charge for lead sulfide

The cation in lead sulfide is lead (Pb). Lead can have multiple charges; for sulfide, lead typically has a charge of +2, so we write it as \( \text{Pb}^{2+} \).

Identify the anion and its charge for lead sulfide

The anion in lead sulfide is sulfide, which comes from sulfur. Sulfide ions typically have a charge of -2, so it is represented as \( \text{S}^{2-} \).

Write the chemical formula for lead sulfide

With both lead and sulfide carrying a charge of +2 and -2, respectively, one of each ion is needed, resulting in the formula \( \text{PbS} \).

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

Full Textbook Solutions
Get detailed explanations and key concepts
Unlimited Al creation
Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...
Ads-free access
To over 500 millions flashcards
Money-back guarantee
We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Cation and Anion Identification

In chemistry, a key part of understanding chemical compounds is knowing how to identify cations and anions. Cations are positively charged ions, while anions are negatively charged ions. These charged particles combine to form ionic compounds, and their charges must balance to become neutral.

Here's how you can identify them:

Cations: These are typically metals from the periodic table and have lost electrons, resulting in their positive charge. For example, magnesium (Mg), rubidium (Rb), and strontium (Sr) all become cations with positive charges like Mg²⁺, Rb⁺, and Sr²⁺, respectively.
Anions: These are usually non-metals or polyatomic ions that have gained electrons, causing their negative charge. Examples include oxide (O^2-), bromide (Br^-), and iodide (I^-).

Understanding how to differentiate between these ions is essential in writing chemical formulas and predicting the behavior of compounds.

Chemical Formulas

Chemical formulas are a shorthand way of representing the composition of chemical compounds. By knowing the ions involved and their charges, we can determine how they combine into a compound.

When writing a chemical formula, the charges of the ions must be balanced to create a neutral compound. If the charge isn't zero, you have to add more of one type of ion to balance it out.

For instance:

Magnesium Oxide (MgO): Composed of one magnesium cation (Mg²⁺) and one oxide anion (O^2-). Their charges are equal and opposite, allowing them to form a neutral compound without additional ions.
Strontium Iodide (SrI₂): Strontium has a Sr²⁺ charge but iodide is I^-. Thus, you need two iodide ions to balance one strontium ion and achieve neutrality.

Practicing the writing of chemical formulas will strengthen your understanding of these bonds and interactions.

Ionic Charges

Grasping the concept of ionic charges is crucial in chemistry. Ionic charges arise when atoms gain or lose electrons to attain a more stable electron configuration, often mirroring the electron structure of the nearest noble gas.

Here's a quick rundown of common ionic charges:

Single Positive (+1): Commonly found in alkali metals like rubidium (Rb⁺).
Double Positive (+2): Found in alkaline earth metals such as magnesium (Mg²⁺) and strontium (Sr²⁺).
Triple Positive (+3): Seen in elements like aluminum (Al³⁺).
Single Negative (-1): Associated with halogens such as bromide (Br^-) and chloride (Cl^-).
Double Negative (-2): Common in elements like oxygen, forming oxide ions (O^2-).

Recognizing these charges helps us predict and understand how elements will interact to form compounds. This fundamental knowledge is significant for solving complex chemical equations and reactions.

91影视