/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 60 Name the alkanes that do not use... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 17: Problem 60

Name the alkanes that do not use Greek prefixes in their names, and draw the structural formula for each.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The alkanes that do not use Greek prefixes in their names are methane (CH鈧�), ethane (C鈧侶鈧�), propane (C鈧僅鈧�), and butane (C鈧凥鈧佲個). Their structural formulas are as follows: Methane: H | C | H Ethane: H H | | C--C | | H H Propane: H H H | | | H--C--C--C--H | | | H H H Butane: H H H H | | | | H--C--C--C--C--H | | | | H H H H

Step by step solution

01

State the basic alkanes without Greek prefixes

There are four basic alkanes that do not use Greek prefixes. Their names are derived directly from the number of carbon atoms present in each molecule. These are methane, ethane, propane and butane.
02

Draw the structural formulas for methane, ethane, propane and butane

1. Methane (CH4): Methane has one carbon and four hydrogen atoms. The structural formula is simple: * * H * | * C * | * H 2. Ethane (C2H6): Ethane has two carbon and six hydrogen atoms. The structural formula for ethane is as follows: * * H H * | | * C--C * | | * H H * 3. Propane (C3H8): Propane has three carbon and eight hydrogen atoms. The structural formula for propane is: * * H H H * | | | * H--C--C--C--H * | | | * H H H * 4. Butane (C4H10): Butane has four carbon and ten hydrogen atoms. The structural formula for butane is: * * H H H H * | | | | * H--C--C--C--C--H * | | | | * H H H H * These are the four basic alkanes that do not use Greek prefixes in their names, and their respective structural formulas.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Structural Formulas
Understanding structural formulas is crucial in chemistry to depict the arrangement of atoms in molecules. For alkanes, these diagrams show how carbon and hydrogen atoms are bonded.
Each line represents a bond between atoms. The simplest alkane, methane, uses a straightforward structure, while more complex alkanes like butane have longer chains.
Structural formulas help chemists visualize and predict the properties of the molecule. They are essential in identifying molecular variations and reactions. Drawing these structures requires knowing the number of atoms present and how they connect.
Methane
Methane is the simplest alkane and consists of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms, denoted as CH鈧�.
In its structural formula, the carbon atom is surrounded symmetrically by hydrogen atoms, resembling a tetrahedral shape. This simple structure results in methane being a basic component of many organic compounds.
Methane is colorless, odorless, and is the main component of natural gas. It鈥檚 crucial in energy production and has significant environmental impacts as a greenhouse gas.
Ethane
Ethane is slightly more complex than methane, with the chemical formula C鈧侶鈧�. It consists of two carbon atoms connected by a single bond, each carbon being bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
This structure can be drawn by showing two carbon atoms side by side, with each carbon connected to three hydrogens.
Ethane is a colorless and odorless gas under standard conditions. It is used as a fuel and a building block for producing other chemicals like ethylene.
Understanding its structure helps in studying its reactivity and uses in industrial applications.
Propane
Propane, with the chemical formula C鈧僅鈧�, includes three carbon atoms forming a chain, connected to hydrogen atoms to fill each carbon's valency.
The central carbon atom in propane is bonded to two other carbons and two hydrogens, while the terminal carbons are each bonded to three hydrogens.
This formation can be drawn with three carbon atoms in sequence, ensuring all are fully bonded with hydrogen atoms.
Propane is widely known as a fuel source for heating and cooking, stored in liquid form under pressure in tanks.
Butane
Butane has the molecular formula C鈧凥鈧佲個, with four carbon atoms forming a straight chain or sometimes a branched chain.
The structural formula depicts four carbon atoms in a continuous line, with ten hydrogens attached to fulfill the carbon's valency.
  • The unbranched version is known as "n-butane"
  • A branched form is "isobutane"
Butane is commonly used in lighters and as a fuel in portable stoves.
Understanding the structural formula of butane is important for exploring its applications and behavior under different conditions.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Most of gasoline consists of liquid hydrocarbons. If you examine the exhaust pipe of a running automobile you will observe that liquid water continually comes out of it. In addition, a gas is emitted that is known to contribute to the warming of our planet. Explain where the water and the gas come from and what the gas is.

What do we mean by the expression functional group?

There are four isomers that have the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9}\) Br. Draw the structural formula for each one. Name each compound using IUPAC rules.

Write an equilibrium to show how a primary amine, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NR}\), makes water basic. To which side does the equilibrium lie? What does this imply?

A particular hydrocarbon molecule possesses a carbon atom bound to three other carbon atoms. (a) What does this tell you about this particular hydrocarbon? (b) Postulate some rules that tell whether a hydrocarbon will be linear or branched depending on the number of other carbon atoms a particular carbon atom is bound to.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.