91Ó°ÊÓ

Write an equilibrium to show how a primary amine, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NR}\), makes water basic. To which side does the equilibrium lie? What does this imply?

Draw the structural formulas for 1-chloropropane, 1-propanol, 1-aminopropane, 2-propanone, propanoic acid, and propanal. Then label each molecule indicating the type of functionalized hydrocarbon it is (alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, and so on).

Consider acetic acid. (a) Draw a dot diagram for it and point out which hydrogen atom is acidic. (b) Why is only the \(\mathrm{H}\) on the oxygen atom acidic? (c) Where are you likely to run across acetic acid outside a chemistry laboratory.

Hydrocarbons are insoluble in water, but some alcohols, such as methanol, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\), dissolve readily in water. Why?

A solution of methyl alcohol in water does not conduct electricity. Why not?

There are three isomers that have the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12}\). Draw the structural formula for each one. Which do you expect to have the lowest boiling point? Explain.

There are four isomers that have the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9}\) Br. Draw the structural formula for each one. Name each compound using IUPAC rules.

For each pair of molecules, indicate whether the two are identical, isomers, or completely unrelated.

Benzene is a hydrocarbon that has the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\). The benzene molecule contains a six-carbon ring and three double bonds. Draw its structural formula.

Name all the functional groups possible for molecules that have the molecular formulas (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\), (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2} .\) Draw a structural formula for each functionalized hydrocarbon.