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Chapter 12: Problem 98

Define molarity.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, expressed in moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L), and denoted by the letter M. The formula for calculating molarity is \(M = \frac{n}{V}\), where \(M\) is the molarity, \(n\) is the number of moles of solute, and \(V\) is the volume of the solution in liters. It is a crucial concept in chemistry for comparing concentrations of different solutions and performing calculations involving chemical reactions.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Molarity

Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L). It is often denoted by the letter M. This allows us to easily compare the concentrations of different solutions and perform calculations involving chemical reactions.
02

Formula for Calculating Molarity

The formula for calculating molarity (M) is given by the following equation: \[M = \frac{n}{V}\] where: - \(M\) is the molarity (mol/L) - \(n\) is the number of moles of solute (mol) - \(V\) is the volume of the solution (L)
03

Understanding Molarity

To better understand molarity, let's consider an example. Suppose we have 1 mole of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved in 1 liter of water. The molarity of this sodium chloride solution would be: \[M = \frac{1 \, \text{mol of NaCl}}{1 \, \text{L of solution}}\] Therefore, the molarity of this solution is 1 mol/L, or simply 1 M.
04

Using Molarity in Calculations

Molarity can be used in various calculations involving chemical reactions. For example, in a titration experiment, the molarity and volume of one reactant can be used to determine the molarity of another reactant: \[M_1V_1 = M_2V_2\] where: - \(M_1\) and \(M_2\) are the molarities of the two reactants - \(V_1\) and \(V_2\) are the volumes of the respective reactants In summary, molarity is a crucial concept in chemistry that helps us define the concentration of a solution and enables us to perform calculations involving chemical reactions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Citric acid can produce \(3 \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)\) ions per molecule. A solution of citric acid is prepared by dissolving \(0.177 \mathrm{~g}\) of solid citric acid in enough water to yield \(100.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of solution. When this solution is titrated with \(0.1001 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}(a q)\), the indicator turns color after \(27.55 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(\mathrm{NaOH}(a q)\) has been added. (a) What is the molar concentration of citric acid? (b) What is the molar mass of citric acid?

What is the volume in milliliters of \(0.0150 \mathrm{M}\) \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) solution required to neutralize \(50.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.0100 \mathrm{MHNO}_{3}(a q) ?\)

The "proof" value of any liquor is equal to twice the percentage of alcohol; for example, a 50-proof liquor is \(25 \%\) alcohol in water. Vodka is normally sold between 80 and 100 proof, but suppose you came across a bottle of 135 -proof vodka. Would you be justified in calling the alcohol the solvent and the water the solute? Explain.

Soap molecules not only form spherical micelles in water, they also form spherical vesicles, which you can picture as thick-walled hollow spheres. Here is a cross section of such a vesicle, with the blue regions representing water: Unlike a micelle, a vesicle traps water in its interior. What gives a vesicle this ability? (If you are having trouble with the difference between micelles and vesicles, think of a baseball and a hollow rubber ball. The baseball, with no empty space inside, is analogous to the micelle, and the hollow ball is analogous to the vesicle.)

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