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A polyatomic ion is a charged species composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded together or of a metal complex that acts as a single unit. It carries an overall net electrical charge.

Here are five common polyatomic ions, along with their chemical formulas and charges: 1. Ammonium: \(\mathrm{NH}_4^+\) 2. Sulfate: \(\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}\) 3. Nitrate: \(\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}\) 4. Hydroxide: \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) 5. Carbonate: \(\mathrm{CO}_3^{2-}\)

1. Ammonium (\(\mathrm{NH}_4^+\)): This ion consists of a nitrogen atom covalently bonded to four hydrogen atoms with a net positive charge. It is commonly found in salts such as ammonium chloride (\(\mathrm{NH}_4\mathrm{Cl}\)) and ammonium sulfate (\(\mathrm{(NH}_4\mathrm{)}_2\mathrm{SO}_4\)). 2. Sulfate (\(\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}\)): This ion consists of a sulfur atom covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms with a net negative charge of 2. It is commonly found in salts like sodium sulfate (\(\mathrm{Na}_2\mathrm{SO}_4\)) and calcium sulfate (\(\mathrm{CaSO}_4\)). 3. Nitrate (\(\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}\)): This ion consists of a nitrogen atom covalently bonded to three oxygen atoms with a net negative charge. It is commonly found in salts like potassium nitrate (\(\mathrm{KNO}_3\)) and silver nitrate (\(\mathrm{AgNO}_3\)). 4. Hydroxide (\(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\)): This ion consists of an oxygen atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom with a net negative charge. It is commonly found in bases like sodium hydroxide (\(\mathrm{NaOH}\)) and potassium hydroxide (\(\mathrm{KOH}\)). 5. Carbonate (\(\mathrm{CO}_3^{2-}\)): This ion consists of a carbon atom covalently bonded to three oxygen atoms with a net negative charge of 2. It is commonly found in salts like calcium carbonate (\(\mathrm{CaCO}_3\)) and sodium carbonate (\(\mathrm{Na}_2\mathrm{CO}_3\)).