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Chapter 5: Problem 23

What is a polyatomic ion? Give examples of five common polyatomic ions.

Short Answer

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A polyatomic ion is a charged molecule made up of multiple atoms that have either lost or gained electrons, giving them an overall positive or negative charge. Five common polyatomic ions include: 1. Ammonium (\( NH_4^+ \)) 2. Sulfate (\( SO_4^{2-} \)) 3. Nitrate (\( NO_3^- \)) 4. Hydroxide (\( OH^- \)) 5. Carbonate (\( CO_3^{2-} \))

Step by step solution

01

Defining a polyatomic ion

A polyatomic ion is a charged molecule composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or a metal complex that acts as a single unit in the context of acid and base chemistry or in the formation of salts. In simpler terms, it is an ion made up of multiple atoms that have either lost or gained electrons, giving them an overall positive or negative charge.
02

Example 1: Ammonium

The ammonium ion (\( NH_4^+ \)) is a common polyatomic ion that forms when an ammonia molecule (\( NH_3 \)) gains a proton (H+). This results in a positively charged ion with the chemical formula \( NH_4^+ \).
03

Example 2: Sulfate

The sulfate ion (\( SO_4^{2-} \)) is another common polyatomic ion. It consists of one sulfur atom and four oxygen atoms, with an overall charge of -2. The chemical formula for the sulfate ion is \( SO_4^{2-} \).
04

Example 3: Nitrate

The nitrate ion (\( NO_3^- \)) is composed of one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms, with an overall charge of -1. The chemical formula for the nitrate ion is \( NO_3^- \).
05

Example 4: Hydroxide

The hydroxide ion (\( OH^- \)) is a polyatomic ion consisting of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom, with an overall charge of -1. The chemical formula for the hydroxide ion is \( OH^- \).
06

Example 5: Carbonate

The carbonate ion (\( CO_3^{2-} \)) is another common polyatomic ion. It is composed of one carbon atom and three oxygen atoms, with an overall charge of -2. The chemical formula for the carbonate ion is \( CO_3^{2-} \).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Name each of the following compounds, which contain polyatomic ions. a. \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{NO}_{2}\) b. \(\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) c. \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) d. \(\mathrm{Al}\left(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}\right)_{3}\) e. \(AgCN\) f. \(\mathrm{CaHPO}_{4}\)

Write the formula for each of the following chlorinecontaining ions, including the overall charge of the ion. a. chloride b. hypochlorite c. chlorate d. perchlorate

What is a binary chemical compound? What are the two major types of binary chemical compounds? Give three examples of each type of binary compound.

In general, oxyacids contain a nonmetal, oxygen, and what other element?

In naming ionic compounds, we always name the _______ first.
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