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Chapter 3: Problem 35

In a common laboratory experiment in general chemistry, students are asked to determine the relative amounts of benzoic acid and charcoal in a solid mixture. Benzoic acid is relatively soluble in hot water, but charcoal is not. Devise a method for separating the two components of this mixture.

Short Answer

Expert verified
To separate benzoic acid and charcoal in a solid mixture, first heat water and add the mixture to it, allowing the benzoic acid to dissolve. Then, set up a filtration apparatus with filter paper and a funnel, pouring the solution through the filter paper to trap the insoluble charcoal. The filtrate will contain dissolved benzoic acid, which can be isolated by cooling the solution and collecting the crystallized benzoic acid.

Step by step solution

01

Gather Necessary Materials

Gather the following materials: the solid mixture containing benzoic acid and charcoal, a beaker, hot water, a stirring rod, a filter paper, and a funnel.
02

Prepare Hot Water

Heat water using a Bunsen burner or a hot plate until it reaches the desired temperature. Remember that the hotter the water, the higher the solubility of benzoic acid in it.
03

Mix the Solution

Add the solid mixture containing benzoic acid and charcoal into the beaker. Then, pour the hot water into the beaker and stir the solution gently using a stirring rod. This will allow the benzoic acid to dissolve in the hot water, while the charcoal will remain insoluble.
04

Set Up Filtration Apparatus

To separate the two components, set up a filtration apparatus using filter paper and a funnel. Place the filter paper inside the funnel and position the funnel over a clean beaker.
05

Perform Filtration

Carefully pour the solution from the beaker containing the solid mixture and hot water through the filter paper placed in the funnel. The dissolved benzoic acid will pass through the filter paper along with the hot water, while the insoluble charcoal will be trapped on the filter paper.
06

Collect Separated Components

After filtration is complete, the filtered liquid (filtrate) in the beaker will contain dissolved benzoic acid. To isolate the benzoic acid, allow the filtrate to cool down to room temperature. As the solution cools, benzoic acid will start to crystallize and can be collected using a suitable method like vacuum filtration or decanting the liquid. On the other hand, the charcoal will be left on the filter paper and can be further dried if needed. By following these steps, we separate the solid mixture of benzoic acid and charcoal using their solubility differences in hot water.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Classify the following as physical or chemical changes. a. Mothballs gradually vaporize in a closet. b. A French chef making a sauce with brandy is able to burn off the alcohol from the brandy, leaving just the brandy flavoring. c. Hydrofluoric acid attacks glass, and is used to etch calibration marks on glass laboratory utensils. d. Calcium chloride lowers the temperature at which water freezes, and can be used to melt ice on city sidewalks and roadways. e. An antacid tablet fizzes and releases carbon dioxide gas when it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid in the stomach. f. Baking soda fizzes if mixed with vinegar. g. Chemistry majors usually get holes in the cotton jeans they wear to lab because of the acids used in many experiments. h. Whole milk curdles if vinegar is added to it. i. A piece of rubber stretches when you pull on it. j. Rubbing alcohol evaporates quickly from the skin. k. Acetone is used to dissolve and remove nail polish.

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