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Chapter 19: Problem 60

Distinguish among primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. Give a structural formula for an example of each type.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols differ in the carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached. In primary alcohols (1掳), the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon with only one other carbon atom bonded, like in ethanol (H_3C-CH_2-OH). In secondary alcohols (2掳), the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon with two other carbon atoms bonded, as in isopropanol (H_3C-CHOH-CH_3). In tertiary alcohols (3掳), the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon with three other carbon atoms bonded, such as tert-butanol (H_3C-C(OH)-C_3).

Step by step solution

01

Primary Alcohol

Primary alcohols (1掳 alcohols) have the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to only one other carbon atom. An example of a primary alcohol is ethanol: H H | | H-C-C-OH | H In the structural formula above, the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon which has only one other carbon atom bonded to it.
02

Secondary Alcohol

Secondary alcohols (2掳 alcohols) have the hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to two other carbon atoms. An example of a secondary alcohol is isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol): H H H | | | H-C-C-C-OH | | H H In the structural formula above, the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon which has two other carbon atoms bonded to it.
03

Tertiary Alcohol

Tertiary alcohols (3掳 alcohols) have the hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to three other carbon atoms. An example of a tertiary alcohol is tert-butanol (t-butyl alcohol): H H H | | | H-C-C-C-OH | | | H H H In the structural formula above, the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon which has three other carbon atoms bonded to it.

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