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Chapter 19: Problem 52

How is the benzene ring named if it is considered a substituent in another molecule? Give the structures and names of two examples.

Short Answer

Expert verified
When a benzene ring acts as a substituent in another molecule, it is named as a "phenyl" group. Two examples include: 1. Phenylmethane: An organic compound where a phenyl group is attached to a methane molecule at one hydrogen atom. Its IUPAC name is (Phenyl)methane. Structure: H H \ / C / \ H - C = C = C - H | | H H 2. Phenylpropane: A compound with a phenyl group attached to a propane molecule at one terminal carbon atom. Its IUPAC name is (Phenyl)propane. Structure: H H \ / C / \ H - C - C - C - H | | | H H H

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Benzene Ring as a Substituent

When a benzene ring is attached to a larger molecule and acts as a substituent, it is referred to as a "phenyl" group. In IUPAC nomenclature, the term "phenyl" is used to denote the presence of a benzene ring as a substituent. The order of substituents in the name of the compound follows the usual rules of IUPAC nomenclature.
02

Provide Examples of Benzene Ring as a Substituent

Now, we will provide two examples of compounds with the benzene ring as a substituent and show their structure and names.
03

Example 1: Phenylmethane

Phenylmethane, also known as benzyl methane, is an organic compound in which a phenyl group is attached to a methane (CH4) molecule at one of its hydrogen atoms. Here is its structure: H H \ / C / \ H - C = C = C - H | | H H Name: Phenylmethane IUPAC Name: (Phenyl)methane
04

Example 2: Phenylpropane

Phenylpropane, also known as propylbenzene, is another example of a compound with a benzene ring as a substituent. In this compound, a phenyl group is attached to a propane (C3H8) molecule at one of its terminal carbon atoms. Here is its structure: H H \ / C / \ H - C - C - C - H | | | H H H Name: Phenylpropane IUPAC Name: (Phenyl)propane

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Alpha amino acids are organic acid molecules that also happen to contain an amino group \(\left(-\mathrm{NH}_{2}\right)\) on the second carbon atom of the acid's chain. Proteins are condensation polymers of such alpha amino acids. The reaction by which the long chain of the protein forms is very similar to the reaction by which nylon forms, resulting in the formation of the linkage which is called an "amide" (or "peptide") linkage. Show how the following two amino acids could react with each other to produce an amide linkage, resulting in the formation of a dimer (a "dipeptide").

How is a monosubstituted benzene named? Give the structures and names of two examples. Also give two examples of monosubstituted benzenes that have special names.

What is addition polymerization? Give an example of a common addition polymer.

Draw a structural formula for each of the following. a. 3 -methylpentanoic acid b. ethyl methanoate c. methyl benzoate d. 2-bromobutanoic acid e. 3 -chloro- 2,4 -dimethylhexanoic acid

Draw a structural formula for each of the following compounds. a. 2,2 -dimethylheptane b. 2,3 -dimethylheptane c. 3,3-dimethylheptane d. 2,4 -dimethylheptane
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