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Chapter 19: Problem 139

How are carboxylic acids synthesized? Give an example of an organic acid and the molecule from which it is synthesized. What type of reaction is this?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Carboxylic acids are typically synthesized through the oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes using oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or chromic acid (H2CrO4). For instance, acetic acid (CH3COOH), an organic acid, is synthesized from ethanol (CH3CH2OH) through oxidation. This type of synthesis is classified as an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, where the oxidizing agent gains electrons from the substance being oxidized, leading to the creation of a carboxylic acid.

Step by step solution

01

Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic acids are synthesized through various methods, one of the most common being the oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes. These oxidation reactions typically involve the use of an oxidizing agent, such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or chromic acid (H2CrO4).
02

Example of an Organic Acid and its Precursor Molecule

A common example of an organic acid is acetic acid (CH3COOH). Acetic acid is synthesized from the oxidation of its precursor molecule, which is a primary alcohol known as ethanol (CH3CH2OH).
03

Type of Reaction for the Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids

The synthesis of carboxylic acids, specifically the oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes, is an example of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction. In these reactions, the oxidizing agent gains electrons from the substance being oxidized, while the substance being oxidized loses electrons, ultimately leading to the formation of a carboxylic acid.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Salicylic acid is an interesting molecule; it is both an acid and an alcohol, having a hydroxyl group attached to the aromatic ring (phenol). For this reason, salicylic acid can undergo two different esterification reactions depending on which functional group of salicylic acid reacts. For example, as discussed in this chapter, when treated with acetic acid-a stronger acid- salicylic acid behaves as an alcohol, and the ester produced is acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). On the other hand, when reacted with methyl alcohol, salicylic acid behaves as an acid, and the ester methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) is produced. Methyl salicylate is also an analgesic and is part of the formulation of many liniments for sore muscles. Write an equation for the production of each of these esters of salicylic acid.

Organic acids, which contain the ________ group, are typically weak acids.

Both aldehydes and ketones contain the _________ group, but they differ in where this group occurs along the hydrocarbon chain.

The positions of substituents along the hydrocarbon framework of a molecule are indicated by the ________ of the carbon atom to which the substituents are attached.

To what does the root name for a branched hydrocarbon correspond?
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