Chapter 16: Problem 77
What does it mean to say that all chemical reactions are, to one extent or another, reversible?
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Chapter 16: Problem 77
What does it mean to say that all chemical reactions are, to one extent or another, reversible?
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Why does an increase in temperature favor an increase in the speed of a reaction?
When a reaction system has reached chemical equilibrium, the concentrations of the reactants and products no longer changes with time. Why does the amount of product no longer increase, even though large concentrations of the reactants may still be present?
Suppose the reaction system $$\mathrm{CH}_{4}(g)+2 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)$$ has already reached equilibrium. Predict the effect of each of the following changes on the position of the equilibrium. Tell whether the equilibrium will shift to the right, will shift to the left, or will not be affected. a. Any liquid water present is removed from the system. b. \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) is added to the system by dropping a chunk of dry ice into the reaction vessel. c. The reaction is performed in a metal cylinder fitted with a piston, and the piston is compressed to decrease the total volume of the system. d. Additional \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\) is added to the system from a cylinder of pure \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\).
Write the equilibrium expression for each of the following reactions. a. \(4 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)+5 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons 4 \mathrm{NO}(g)+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\) b. \(2 \mathrm{NO}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{NO}_{2}(g)\) c. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\)
At high temperatures, elemental bromine, \(\mathrm{Br}_{2}\), dissociates into individual bromine atoms. $$\mathrm{Br}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{Br}(g)$$ Suppose that in an experiment at \(2000^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) it is found that \(\left[\mathrm{Br}_{2}\right]=0.97 \mathrm{M}\) and \([\mathrm{Br}]=0.034 \mathrm{M}\) at equilibrium. Calculate the value of \(K\).
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