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Chapter 15: Problem 93

Which of the following bases have relatively strong conjugate acids? a. \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\) b. \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) c. \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\) d. \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The bases with relatively strong conjugate acids are Cl鈦� (b), HSO鈧勨伝 (c), and NO鈧冣伝 (d).

Step by step solution

01

Identify the conjugate acids of the given bases

To determine the conjugate acid of each base, we need to add a proton (H+) to the given species. The conjugate acids of the given bases are as follows: a. F鈦� + H鈦� 鈫� HF b. Cl鈦� + H鈦� 鈫� HCl c. HSO鈧勨伝 + H鈦� 鈫� H鈧係O鈧� d. NO鈧冣伝 + H鈦� 鈫� HNO鈧�
02

Determine the stability of the conjugate acids

The stability of a conjugate acid can be assessed by examining its ability to donate a proton (acid strength). The stronger the acid, the more stable it is. We can use the periodic table to help predict acid strength by considering electronegativity and size. For binary acids (i.e., acids containing hydrogen and one other element), acid strength generally increases from left to right across a period and from top to bottom within a group. Let's compare the conjugate acids' stability: a. HF: Is a weak acid, as fluorine is highly electronegative and small in size, so it has a relatively weak ability to donate a proton. b. HCl: Is a strong acid, as chlorine is less electronegative than fluorine and larger in size, which results in a higher tendency to donate a proton. c. H鈧係O鈧�: Is a strong acid, as it has two acidic protons and is highly oxidizing. d. HNO鈧�: Is also a strong acid, as nitrogen is highly oxidizing and can easily donate a proton.
03

Identify the bases with strong conjugate acids

Now that we have determined the stability and acid strength of the conjugate acids, we can identify which of the given bases have relatively strong conjugate acids: a. F鈦�: Conjugate acid is HF, which is a weak acid. So, F鈦� does not have a strong conjugate acid. b. Cl鈦�: Conjugate acid is HCl, which is a strong acid. So, Cl鈦� has a strong conjugate acid. c. HSO鈧勨伝: Conjugate acid is H鈧係O鈧�, which is a strong acid. So, HSO鈧勨伝 has a strong conjugate acid. d. NO鈧冣伝: Conjugate acid is HNO鈧�, which is a strong acid. So, NO鈧冣伝 has a strong conjugate acid. Therefore, the bases with relatively strong conjugate acids are Cl鈦� (b), HSO鈧勨伝 (c), and NO鈧冣伝 (d).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) corresponding to each of the hydroxide ion concentrations given below. Tell whether each solution is acidic, basic, or neutral. a. \(\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]=7.42 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{M}\) b. \(\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]=0.00151 \mathrm{M}\) c. \(\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]=3.31 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{M}\) d. \(\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]=9.01 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{M}\)

Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) corresponding to each of the hydrogen ion concentrations given below. Tell whether each solution is acidic, basic, or neutral. a. \(\left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right]=0.00100 \mathrm{M}\) b. \(\left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right]=2.19 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{M}\) c. \(\left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right]=9.18 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{M}\) d. \(\left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right]=4.71 \times 10^{-7} \mathrm{M}\)

For each hydroxide ion concentration listed, calculate the pOH of the solution as well as the concentration of hydrogen ion in the solution. Indicate whether the solutions are acidic or basic. a. \(\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]=4.01 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{M}\) b. \(\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]=9.87 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{M}\) c. \(\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]=5.23 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{M}\) d. \(\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]=6.29 \times 10^{-12} \mathrm{M}\)

Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of each of the solutions indicated below. Tell whether the solution is acidic, basic, or neutral. a. \(\left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right]=1.49 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{M}\) b. \(\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]=6.54 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{M}\) c. \(\left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right]=9.81 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{M}\) d. \(\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]=7.45 \times 10^{-10} \mathrm{M}\)

When an acid is dissolved in water, what ion does the water form? What is the relationship of this ion to water itself?
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