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Chapter 15: Problem 30

What happens to the hydroxide ion concentration in aqueous solutions when we increase the hydrogen ion concentration by adding an acid? What happens to the hydrogen ion concentration in aqueous solutions when we increase the hydroxide ion concentration by adding a base? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
When an acid is added to an aqueous solution, the hydrogen ion concentration (H鈦�) increases, causing the hydroxide ion concentration (OH鈦�) to decrease to maintain the constant ion product of water (Kw). Conversely, when a base is added, the hydroxide ion concentration (OH鈦�) increases, resulting in a decrease in the hydrogen ion concentration (H鈦�) to maintain the constant Kw value.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the ion product of water

The ion product of water (Kw) is a constant that shows the relationship between hydrogen ions (H鈦�) and hydroxide ions (OH鈦�) in a solution. The ion product of water is given by the equation: \(K_w = [H^+][OH^-]\) Where \(K_w\) is the ion product constant (approximately \(1.0 x 10^{-14}\) at 25掳C), [H鈦篯 is the hydrogen ion concentration, and [OH鈦籡 is the hydroxide ion concentration. We will use this equation to understand how the concentrations of H鈦� and OH鈦� ions change when an acid or a base is added to an aqueous solution.
02

Adding an acid to the solution

When adding an acid to the aqueous solution, the hydrogen ion concentration [H鈦篯 increases. By applying the equation \(K_w = [H^+][OH^-]\), we can calculate the change in hydroxide ion concentration [OH鈦籡. Since \(K_w\) is constant, when [H鈦篯 increases, [OH鈦籡 must decrease to maintain the constant value of \(K_w\). Therefore, when an acid is added to an aqueous solution, the hydroxide ion concentration will decrease.
03

Adding a base to the solution

When adding a base to the aqueous solution, the hydroxide ion concentration [OH鈦籡 increases. As with the previous step, we can again use the equation \(K_w = [H^+][OH^-]\) to determine the change in hydrogen ion concentration [H鈦篯. Because \(K_w\) is constant, when [OH鈦籡 increases, [H鈦篯 must decrease to maintain the constant value of \(K_w\). Therefore, when a base is added to an aqueous solution, the hydrogen ion concentration will decrease.
04

Summary

In conclusion, when the hydrogen ion concentration (H鈦�) in an aqueous solution increases by adding an acid, the hydroxide ion concentration (OH鈦�) will decrease. On the other hand, when the hydroxide ion concentration (OH鈦�) is increased by adding a base, the hydrogen ion concentration (H鈦�) will decrease. In both cases, these changes occur in order to maintain the ion product of water (Kw) constant.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

When sodium hydroxide, \(\mathrm{NaOH}\), is added dropwise to a buffered solution, the _____ component of the buffer consumes the added hydroxide ion.

What does it mean to say that an acid is strong in aqueous solution? What does this reveal about the ability of the acid's anion to attract protons?

Using the symbol HA to represent a general acid, write an equation showing how HA forms its conjugate Bronsted-Lowry base when dissolved in water.

Write the conjugate acid for each of the following bases: a. \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\) b. \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}^{2-}\) c. \(\mathrm{ClO}_{4}^{-}\) d. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}^{-}\)

A buffered solution is one that resists a change in _____ when either a strong acid or a strong base is added to it.
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