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Chapter 13: Problem 78

Explain how the evaporation of water acts as a coolant for the earth.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The evaporation of water acts as a coolant for the Earth by absorbing latent heat from the surrounding environment during the phase change from liquid to gas. This process results in a decrease in the temperature of the remaining water and the surroundings, providing a natural cooling mechanism. Evaporation, especially from large bodies of water like oceans, helps regulate Earth's temperature by absorbing and redistributing heat, as well as contributing to weather patterns through the release of latent heat during condensation.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the process of evaporation

Evaporation is the process where water molecules change from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase, known as water vapor. This occurs when the water molecules on the surface of the liquid absorb enough energy from their surroundings to break free from the attractive forces holding them together. The energy required for this phase change comes from the surrounding environment, such as the sun or nearby heat sources.
02

Discuss the concept of latent heat

Latent heat is the amount of energy required for a substance to undergo a phase change without changing its temperature. During evaporation, water absorbs a significant amount of latent heat from its surroundings. This energy is stored in the water molecules as they transition to the gaseous phase. When the water vapor later condenses back into liquid water, the stored latent heat is released, dumping the absorbed energy back into the surroundings.
03

Explain how evaporation acts as a cooling mechanism

As water evaporates, it absorbs latent heat from the environment and stores it within the water vapor molecules. This results in a decrease in the temperature of the remaining water and the surrounding environment because energy is essentially being sucked up by the evaporating water. This cooling effect occurs on both small and large scales, whether it's the cooling sensation experienced on our skin when we sweat or the cooling effect of evaporation over a body of water like a lake or an ocean.
04

Describe the role of evaporation in Earth's temperature regulation

The evaporation of water acts as a natural coolant for the Earth by removing heat from the surface and distributing it throughout the atmosphere. Large bodies of water, like oceans, have a particularly significant impact, as they constantly release water vapor into the atmosphere through evaporation. This helps to regulate Earth's temperature by absorbing and redistributing heat, providing a natural cooling mechanism for the planet. Additionally, the release of latent heat during the condensation of water vapor also contributes to creating weather patterns, including storms and precipitation, which further impact Earth's temperature and climate.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Some properties of aluminum are summarized in the following list. $$\begin{array}{ll} \text { normal melting point } & 658^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\ \text { heat of fusion } & 3.95 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{g} \\ \text { normal boiling point } & 2467^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\ \text { heat of vaporization } & 10.52 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{g} \\ \text { specific heat of the solid } & 0.902 \mathrm{J} / \mathrm{g}^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \end{array}$$ a. Calculate the quantity of energy required to heat \(1.00 \mathrm{mol}\) of aluminum from \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to its normal melting point. b. Calculate the quantity of energy required to melt 1.00 mol of aluminum at \(658^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). c. Calculate the amount of energy required to vaporize 1.00 mol of aluminum at \(2467^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).

What do we call the energies required, respectively, to melt and to vaporize 1 mol of a substance? Which of these energies is always larger for a given sub. stance? Why?

The heats of fusion of three substances are listed below. Explain the trend this list reflects. $$\begin{array}{ll} \mathrm{HI} & 2.87 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \\ \mathrm{HBr} & 2.41 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \\ \mathrm{HCl} & 1.99 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \end{array}$$

Although water and ammonia differ in molar mass by only one unit, the boiling point of water is over \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) higher than that of ammonia. What forces in liquid water that do not exist in liquid ammonia could account for this observation?

What do we mean when we say a liquid is volatile? Do volatile liquids have large or small vapor pressures? What types of intermolecular forces occur in highly volatile liquids?
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