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Chapter 12: Problem 84

What conditions are considered "standard temperature and pressure" (STP) for gases? Suggest a reason why these particular conditions might have been chosen for STP.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) are defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) as a temperature of \(273.15 K\) (0掳C or 32掳F) and a pressure of \(100 kPa\) (1 atm or 14.7 psi). These conditions might have been chosen because they represent average natural conditions: 0掳C is the midpoint between the freezing and boiling points of water, and 1 atm is the average sea-level atmospheric pressure on Earth. These conditions are easily reproducible, provide a convenient reference point for comparing different gases, and simplify calculations since many common gases behave ideally at this temperature.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) are defined as the set of conditions for which gases are generally measured. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines STP conditions as a temperature of \(273.15 K\) (0掳C or 32掳F) and a pressure of \(100 kPa\) (1 atm or 14.7 psi).
02

Reason for Choosing STP Conditions

The reason for choosing these specific conditions as the standard temperature and pressure might be because these are the average conditions found in nature. 0掳C is the midpoint between the freezing and boiling points of water, and 1 atm is the average sea-level atmospheric pressure on Earth. As a result, these conditions are easily reproducible in laboratories, and they provide a convenient reference point for comparing the properties of different gases. Another reason is that working with gases at 0掳C makes calculations simpler since many common gases behave ideally at this temperature.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

If \(2.01 \mathrm{g}\) of helium gas occupies a volume of \(12.0 \mathrm{L}\) at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) what volume will \(6.52 \mathrm{g}\) of helium gas occupy under the same conditions?

A sample of hydrogen gas has a volume of \(145 \mathrm{mL}\) when measured at \(44^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and 1.47 atm. What volume would the hydrogen sample occupy at STP?

Two moles of ideal gas occupy a volume that is ______ the volume of 1 mol of ideal gas under the same temperature and pressure conditions.

Given each of the following sets of values for three of the gas variables, calculate the unknown quantity. a. \(P=21.2\) atm; \(V=142 \mathrm{mL} ; n=0.432\) mol; \(T=\) \(? \mathrm{K}\) b. \(P=?\) atm; \(V=1.23 \mathrm{mL} ; n=0.000115\) mol; \(T=\) \(293 \mathrm{K}\) c. \(P=755 \mathrm{mm}\) Hg; \(V=? \mathrm{mL} ; n=0.473 \mathrm{mol} ; T=\) \(131^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

Convert the following pressures into pascals. a. \(645 \mathrm{mm} \mathrm{Hg}\) c. 0.876 atm b. 221 kPa d. 32 torr
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