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Chapter 8: Problem 28

Which is more acidic, a beer with \(\left[\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\right]=3.16 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{or}\) a wine with \(\left[\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\right]=5.01 \times 10^{-4} ?\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Wine is more acidic than beer.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Acidity and H3O+ Concentration

A solution's acidity is determined by its concentration of hydronium ions, \([\mathrm{H}_3\mathrm{O}^+]\). The higher the concentration, the more acidic the solution is.
02

Compare the Hydronium Ion Concentrations

Evaluate the given \([\mathrm{H}_3\mathrm{O}^+]\) concentrations of beer and wine. For beer, \([\mathrm{H}_3\mathrm{O}^+] = 3.16 \times 10^{-5}\), and for wine, \([\mathrm{H}_3\mathrm{O}^+] = 5.01 \times 10^{-4}\).
03

Determine Which is More Acidic

Since \([\mathrm{H}_3\mathrm{O}^+]\) is higher in wine \((5.01 \times 10^{-4})\) compared to beer \((3.16 \times 10^{-5})\), the wine is more acidic than the beer.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Hydronium Ion Concentration
In the world of chemistry, the concentration of hydronium ions, ([H鈧僌鈦篯), is a key indicator of a solution's acidity. Hydronium ions are essentially water molecules (H鈧侽) that have gained an extra hydrogen ion (H鈦�). This transformation happens when acids are dissolved in water, resulting in a characteristic acidic solution.
  • The higher the concentration of hydronium ions, the stronger the acid.
  • [H鈧僌鈦篯 is usually expressed in scientific notation due to its often very small values.
  • For example, a concentration of 3.16 x 10-5 means there are 3.16 x 10-5 moles of hydronium ion per liter of solution.
Understanding hydronium ion concentration is crucial when comparing the acidity of different solutions. More hydronium ions mean a more acidic environment.
Acidity Comparison
When comparing the acidity of two solutions, such as beer and wine, hydronium ion concentration is the starting point. The solution with the higher concentration of [H鈧僌鈦篯 will possess a greater degree of acidity. This is because more hydronium ions result in lower pH levels, and thus higher acidity. Consider:
  • For beer, [H鈧僌鈦篯 = 3.16 x 10-5.
  • For wine, [H鈧僌鈦篯 = 5.01 x 10-4.
Clearly, the wine is more acidic since 5.01 x 10-4 is greater than 3.16 x 10-5. This means wine has a higher hydronium ion concentration, contributing to its higher acidity.
pH Calculation
The pH scale is a logarithmic scale used to quantify the acidity or basicity of a solution. Mathematically, it's expressed as: \[pH = -\log_{10}[H鈧僌鈦篯\]This equation shows that as [H鈧僌鈦篯 increases, the pH value decreases, indicating a more acidic solution. To calculate the pH of each beverage, follow these steps:
  • For beer, replace [H鈧僌鈦篯 with 3.16 x 10-5 in the formula.
  • For wine, do the same using 5.01 x 10-4.
The calculations will show:
  • Beer has a pH of around 4.50, making it less acidic.
  • Wine has a pH of around 3.30, confirming it's more acidic.
The lower the pH, the higher the acidity, which aligns with our observation about hydronium ions.

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