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Chapter 13: Problem 33

Name two important alcohols derived from propene and give two important uses of each.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Two important alcohols derived from propene are Isopropanol and Allyl Alcohol. Isopropanol is used as a disinfectant and a solvent, while Allyl Alcohol is used in polymer synthesis and as a precursor for pharmaceuticals.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Alcohols Derived from Propene

Propene is an important raw material in chemistry. Two major alcohols derived from propene are Isopropanol (or Isopropyl Alcohol) and Allyl Alcohol. These alcohols are formed by the different methods of adding a hydroxyl group to the propene structure.
02

Uses of Isopropanol

Isopropanol is commonly used as a disinfectant and cleaning agent. It is also used in the manufacturing of acetone, and as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry.
03

Uses of Allyl Alcohol

Allyl alcohol is used in the synthesis of polymers and resins. It is also used as a precursor in the production of small quantities of pharmaceuticals, insecticides, and herbicides.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Isopropanol Uses
Isopropanol, commonly known as isopropyl alcohol, is a versatile compound derived from propene. It has numerous applications due to its properties as a solvent. Here are some of the key uses of isopropanol:
  • Disinfectant and Cleaning Agent: Isopropanol's ability to dissolve oils and sanitize surfaces makes it an ideal disinfectant for medical environments and household cleaning products. It effectively kills bacteria, fungi, and viruses, helping maintain hygienic conditions.
  • Industrial Applications: In industrial settings, isopropanol is employed in manufacturing acetone, a critical solvent used in a variety of applications, including paint thinners and nail polish removers.
  • Pharmaceutical Solvent: Isopropanol serves as an important solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, where it aids in the production of medicines by extracting active compounds and purifying pharmaceutical formulations.
Allyl Alcohol Uses
Allyl alcohol is another significant alcohol derived from propene, known for its role in organic synthesis. Its uses span across various industrial applications:
  • Polymer and Resin Production: One of the primary applications of allyl alcohol is in the synthesis of polymers and resins. It acts as a monomer, which can polymerize to form materials used in coatings, adhesives, and plastics.
  • Chemical Intermediate: Allyl alcohol is crucial as a starting material in creating a range of chemical products, including plasticizers, stabilizers, and surface-active agents.
  • Pharmaceuticals and Pesticides: Despite being used in smaller quantities, allyl alcohol plays a role in synthesizing pharmaceuticals, where it helps manufacture complex drug molecules. It is also used in creating certain pesticides and herbicides.
Hydroxyl Group Addition to Propene
The process of deriving alcohol from propene involves the addition of a hydroxyl group (OH) to the alkene structure. There are different methods to achieve this transformation, each playing a crucial role in the chemical industry:
  • Hydration of Propene: This method involves adding water across the double bond of propene, often using an acidic catalyst, to form isopropanol. This process is crucial in commercial applications due to its efficiency in producing isopropyl alcohol.
  • Hydroboration-Oxidation: Another technique is hydroboration-oxidation, a two-step process where borane (BH3) initially adds to propene, followed by oxidation, resulting in alcohol formation. This method is notable for its stereochemistry, producing primary alcohols like allyl alcohol.
Understanding these processes not only aids in the synthesis of vital alcohols but also enhances the development of new industrial applications, reinforcing propene's role as a fundamental building block in organic chemistry.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain why methanethiol, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{SH}\), has a lower boiling point \(\left(6^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\) than methanol, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\left(65^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\), even though methanethiol has a higher molecular weight.

Knowing what you do about electronegativity, the polarity of covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonding, would you expect an \(\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{N}\) hydrogen bond to be stronger than, the same strength as, or weaker than an O-H- -O hydrogen bond?

Each of the following compounds is a common organic solvent. From each pair of compounds, select the solvent with the greater solubility in water. (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) or \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\) or \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\)

Write equations for the reaction of each of the following compounds with \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7} / \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (a) \(1-\) Octanol (b) 1,4 -Butanediol

Show hydrogen bonding between methanol and water in the following ways. (a) Between the oxygen of methanol and a hydrogen of water (b) Between the hydrogen of methanol's OH group and the oxygen of water
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