/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 81 Draw an aldehyde that has the mo... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 8: Problem 81

Draw an aldehyde that has the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
The aldehyde that has the molecular formula \(C_4H_8O\) is butanal, which can be structurally represented as \[ HC = O \] | \[ CH_2-CH_2-CH_3 \]

Step by step solution

01

Understand Aldehyde Structure

An aldehyde is characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) where the carbon atom is also bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. This carbonyl group is typically at the end of a carbon chain. Thus, in an aldehyde with 4 carbon atoms, one carbon will be part of the carbonyl group, and the remaining 3 carbons will form a chain. Along the chain, each carbon atom is singly bonded to two hydrogens and the remaining spots are filled by the adjacent carbons.
02

Draw the Aldehyde

The aldehyde that matches the given molecular formula \(C_4H_8O\) is butanal. This molecule has a chain of three carbons, each bonded to two hydrogens. The remaining 2 hydrogens are bonded to the carbonyl carbon, and the oxygen atom is double bonded to the carbonyl carbon. The structure looks like this: \[ HC = O \] | \[ CH_2-CH_2-CH_3 \]

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Carbonyl Group
Understanding the carbonyl group is fundamental when studying organic chemistry. It is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom \( =O \). This striking feature distinguishes aldehydes and ketones from other organic compounds.

The carbonyl group in aldehydes is always situated at the end of the carbon chain, making it more reactive due to its exposure. This placement affects the aldehyde's physical and chemical properties, including aspects like boiling point, polarity, and reactivity towards nucleophiles in various chemical reactions.

Importance in Chemistry

In addition to being a defining characteristic of aldehydes, the carbonyl group is also important in the formation of other essential organic compounds. It can react with alcohol to form acetals, with amines to create imines, and through reduction, it can yield alcohols. Understanding its behavior is crucial for grasping the reactivity patterns of organic molecules.

Butanal
Butanal, often referred to by its common name butyraldehyde, is an aldehyde with four carbon atoms. Its structure incorporates the aforementioned carbonyl group at the one end of a three-carbon chain, with the general formula \( \mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CHO} \).

The molecule is straightforward, with the first three carbons in the chain each bonded to two hydrogen atoms, while the last carbon, which is part of the carbonyl group, is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and one hydrogen atom. This structure gives butanal some distinctive properties, such as a boiling point around 75 degrees Celsius, and it's miscible with most organic solvents.

Uses in Industry

Butanal serves as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals, including resins, plasticizers, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used as a flavoring agent due to its distinctive fruity odor. Given its reactivity, it is a valuable building block in organic synthesis.

Molecular Formula
The molecular formula provides vital information about a compound, which includes the exact number of each type of atom present in a single molecule. For instance, the molecular formula \( \mathrm{C}_4\mathrm{H}_8\mathrm{O} \) represents an organic compound composed of four carbon atoms (C), eight hydrogen atoms (H), and one oxygen atom (O).

Furthermore, the molecular formula can hint at the possible structure of the molecule. Knowing that the compound in question is an aldehyde, and considering the simple molecular formula, one can deduce that it must contain a single carbonyl group attached to a saturated hydrocarbon chain.

Application in Problem Solving

Analyzing the molecular formula is a significant step in determining the structure of a compound in organic chemistry. Understanding the stoichiometric relationships allows chemists to infer possible structural formulas, characterize substances, and predict reaction outcomes, which is precisely how we identify butanal as the compound in our exercise.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Chloropicrin, \(\mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{CNO}_{2}\), is an insecticide that has been used against insects that attack cereals and grains. It is a liquid with an intense odor. Predict the \(\mathrm{Cl}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Cl}\), \(\mathrm{Cl}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{N}, \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{O}\), and \(\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{O}\) bond angles in a molecule of chloropicrin.

What holds ions together in a crystal lattice?

Why is it important to draw Lewis structures before predicting molecular shapes?

Draw the Lewis formula of ethylene, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\).

How is the concept of resonance consistent with the octet rule?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.