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Chapter 5: Problem 8

The isotopes of hydrogen known is/are: (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

Short Answer

Expert verified
The isotopes of hydrogen are 3.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Concept of Isotopes

Isotopes are atoms of the same element having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. This occurs because they have different numbers of neutrons.
02

Identify the Known Isotopes of Hydrogen

Hydrogen has three well-known isotopes: Protium (^{1}_{1}H ext{ or H}), with no neutrons; Deuterium (^{2}_{1}H ext{ or D}), with one neutron; and Tritium (^{3}_{1}H ext{ or T}), with two neutrons.
03

Determine the Number of Isotopes

Based on the information in Step 2, hydrogen has three isotopes. Therefore, the correct count of isotopes is 3.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Protium
Protium is the most common and simplest isotope of hydrogen. It is represented by the symbol \( ^{1}_{1}\text{H} \). One unique feature that makes protium stand out is its lack of a neutron in its nucleus.
This means the nucleus consists of only one proton surrounded by one electron.
Protium accounts for over 99% of hydrogen found in nature, making it the predominant form we encounter in daily life.
  • Symbol: \( ^{1}_{1}\text{H} \) or simply \( \text{H} \)
  • Neutrons: 0
  • Protons: 1
  • Electrons: 1
Protium plays a critical role in chemistry and biology, as it's a key player in forming water and organic compounds.
Understanding protium's basic structure helps us appreciate its simplicity and why it's so abundant in the universe.
Deuterium
Deuterium, also known as heavy hydrogen, is another isotope of hydrogen. It is represented by \( ^{2}_{1}\text{H} \) or \( \text{D} \).
In contrast to protium, deuterium's nucleus contains one neutron in addition to the proton.
This gives deuterium a mass number of 2 compared to protium's mass number of 1.
  • Symbol: \( ^{2}_{1}\text{H} \) or \( \text{D} \)
  • Neutrons: 1
  • Protons: 1
  • Electrons: 1
Deuterium is much rarer, making up about 0.0156% of hydrogen in natural sources.
It is used as a tracer in scientific experiments because of its distinct properties and stability.
Moreover, deuterium has applications in nuclear fusion processes and is a component of heavy water (\( \text{D}_2\text{O} \)) used in some nuclear reactors.
Tritium
Tritium is the rarest and least stable isotope of hydrogen, symbolized as \( ^{3}_{1}\text{H} \) or \( \text{T} \).
Its nucleus contains two neutrons along with the single proton, giving it a mass number of 3.
This additional neutron makes tritium radioactive, with a half-life of about 12.32 years.
  • Symbol: \( ^{3}_{1}\text{H} \) or \( \text{T} \)
  • Neutrons: 2
  • Protons: 1
  • Electrons: 1
In nature, tritium is extremely rare, usually formed in the upper atmosphere by cosmic rays.
It is primarily produced artificially in nuclear reactors for use in nuclear weapons and as a tracer in scientific studies.
While tritium can be dangerous due to its radioactivity, it is handled carefully and used safely in controlled environments.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Hydrogen can be prepared by the action of dilute \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) on: [A.I.I.M.S. 2007] (a) copper (b) iron (c) lead (d) mercury

Which elements out of the following do not produce hydrogen on treatment with caustic soda? (i) \(\mathrm{Zn}\) (ii) Sn (iii) \(\mathrm{Cu}\) (iv) \(\mathrm{Ca}\) (v) Al (a) (i) and (v) (b) (iii) and (iv) \(\square\) (c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (iv) and (v) }\end{array}$

Hydrogen is not obtained when zinc reacts with: [C.E.T. (J \& K) 2005] (a) steam (b) hot \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) solution. \(\square\) (c) conc. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (d) dilute HCl

A commercial sample of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) is labelled as ' 15 volume'. Its percentage strength is nearly: (a) \(1 \%\) (b) \(4.5 \%\) (c) \(10 \%\) (d) \(90 \%\)

The bleaching properties of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) are due to its: (a) reducing properties \(\square\) (b) oxidising properties (c) unstable nature (d) acidic nature
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