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Magazine Chapter 15: Problem 15
\(\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{5} \mathrm{Br}\right] \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) and \(\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{5} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\right] \mathrm{Br}\) are related to each other as: (a) ionisation isomers \(\square\) (b) linkage isomers [ (c) coordination isomers \(\square\) (d) geometrical isomes
Short Answer
Expert verified
(a) ionisation isomers
Step by step solution
01
Understanding Ionisation Isomers
Ionisation isomers are coordination compounds that produce different ions in solution although they contain the same molecular formula. This occurs when an anion or neutral group capable of forming a bond to the central atom or ion is found outside the primary coordination sphere.
02
Understanding Linkage Isomers
Linkage isomers occur when a ligand that can coordinate to the central metal in more than one way does so differently in each isomer. This is typical for ligands such as NO2 that can bind through either the nitrogen or one of the oxygens.
03
Understanding Coordination Isomers
These are isomers where the composition of the complex ions vary. It's common in salts where both the cation and the anion are complex ions. Each isomer has the same total composition but different connections between ligands and metal centers.
04
Understanding Geometrical Isomers
Geometrical isomers occur due to different spatial arrangements of ligands around a central atom, often observed in square planar and octahedral complexes.
05
Analyzing Given Compounds
Examine the compounds \[\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{5} \mathrm{Br}\right] \mathrm{SO}_{4}\] and \[\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{5} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\right] \mathrm{Br}\]. Both compounds have the same formula but different ions in different locations: bromine is inside the coordination sphere in the first compound and sulfate in the second. This is characteristic of ionisation isomers.
06
Conclusion
Based on the characteristics of ionisation isomers, linkage isomers, coordination isomers, and geometrical isomers, the compounds given in the exercise are ionisation isomers because they exchange the position of anions inside and outside the coordination sphere.
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Ionisation Isomers
In the fascinating world of coordination chemistry, ionisation isomers are a subtype of structural isomers. Understanding their distinctive feature is key: they arise from a compound where ions switch positions between inside and outside the coordination sphere. For example, in the compounds \(\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{5} \mathrm{Br}\right]\ \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) and \(\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{5} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\right] \mathrm{Br}\), bromine and sulfate swap positions.
- Both isomers hold the same molecular formula.
- The exchange of ions results in different ions forming in solution鈥攁 hallmark of ionisation isomers.
Linkage Isomers
Linkage isomers provide an interesting twist to coordination chemistry. They involve ligands that are capable of attaching to a metal atom in more than one way. A classic example includes ligands like \(\mathrm{NO}_2\), which can bond through nitrogen or oxygen.
- Linkage isomers share the same molecular formula but differ in how they attach the ligand to the metal.
- This results in compounds with distinct physical and chemical properties, even though they are made from the same basic building blocks.
Coordination Isomers
Coordination isomers occur in compounds where both the cation and anion are complex ions. The key aspect is the variance in the composition of these complex ions, even if the compound as a whole maintains the same constituents.
- These isomers differ by the rearrangement of ligands between the two complex ions.
- Each has its unique distribution of ligands, altering how they interact with their environment.
Geometrical Isomers
Geometrical isomers showcase the concept of spatial arrangement in chemistry, mainly seen in square planar and octahedral complexes. Here, ligands with the same connections to the central atom are arrayed differently in space.
- The spatial setup influences the compound鈥檚 physical properties like color and magnetic properties.
- Geometrical isomerism is a catalyst in stereochemistry, offering insights into three-dimensional arrangements.
Coordination Compounds
Coordination compounds are a cornerstone of inorganic chemistry. These species consist of a central metal atom bonded to surrounding molecules or ions, known as ligands.
- The central metal often involves transition metals, giving these compounds unique properties like variable oxidation states and vivid colors.
- Coordination spheres allow dynamic interactions that result in a wide range of industrial and biological applications.
