/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 136 Which one of the following compl... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 15: Problem 136

Which one of the following complexes is not expected to exhibit isomerism? \(\quad\) [C.B.S.E. (PM.T.) 2010] (a) \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{2}\right]^{2+}\) \(\square\) (b) \(\left[\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right]\) \(-1\) (c) \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right]\) \(\square\) (d) \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{en})_{3}\right]^{2+}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Complex (d) \\([\text{Ni}(\text{en})_3]^{2+}\\) does not exhibit isomerism.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Isomerism

Isomerism in coordination complexes arises when two or more complexes have the same chemical formula but different arrangements of atoms. Geometric isomerism is common in square planar and octahedral complexes, whereas optical isomerism may occur in complexes with chiral centers.
02

Complex (a) Analysis

The complex \([\text{Ni}({NH}_3)_4({H}_2{O})_2]^{2+}\) is octahedral, which can exhibit geometrical isomerism (cis-trans) because of the positions of water molecules and ammonia ligands.
03

Complex (b) Analysis

The complex \([\text{Pt}({NH}_3)_2{Cl}_2]\) is square planar, known to exhibit cis-trans isomerism due to the relative positioning of the chloride and ammonia ligands.
04

Complex (c) Analysis

The complex \([\text{Ni}({NH}_3)_2{Cl}_2]\) is typically square planar for nickel, which can exhibit cis-trans isomerism. This is because the ligands can occupy adjacent or opposite positions around the central metal atom.
05

Complex (d) Analysis

The complex \([\text{Ni}(\text{en})_3]^{2+}\) is an octahedral complex with three bidentate ethylenediamine ligands. With identical ligands in all positions, it does not exhibit either geometric isomerism or optical isomerism since there is no chiral center.
06

Identifying the Complex Without Isomerism

Based on the analyses, it's clear that complex (d) \([\text{Ni}(\text{en})_3]^{2+}\) is not expected to exhibit isomerism as it lacks geometric and optical isomerism possibilities.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

geometrical isomerism
Geometrical isomerism in coordination complexes refers to the different spatial arrangements of ligands around the central metal atom. This type of isomerism is primarily found in square planar and octahedral complexes. It occurs when ligands occupy different relative positions in the structure.

  • In **square planar complexes**, like \([ ext{Pt}( ext{NH}_3)_2 ext{Cl}_2]\), **cis-trans isomerism** is common. Here, two similar ligands can either be adjacent (cis) or opposite (trans) each other.

  • For **octahedral complexes**, such as \([ ext{Ni}( ext{NH}_3)_4( ext{H}_2 ext{O})_2]^{2+}\), ligands can also form **cis-trans isomers**. Two identical ligands can be next to each other (cis) or across from each other (trans).

Geometrical isomerism greatly influences the properties of the complex, such as solubility and reactivity. Understanding this can help predict how complexes interact in biochemical environments or in material science applications.
optical isomerism
Optical isomerism occurs when a complex can exist in two forms that are mirror images of each other but cannot be superimposed, much like left and right hands. This is known as chirality, and the isomers are called **enantiomers**.

  • In coordination complexes, optical isomerism generally arises in octahedral complexes with bidentate ligands that can create an asymmetrical, chiral center.

  • The presence of a chiral center means the two isomers will rotate plane-polarized light in different directions 鈥� either to the left (levorotatory) or to the right (dextrorotatory).

Unfortunately, not all complexes are capable of producing optical isomers. For instance, \([ ext{Ni}( ext{en})_3]^{2+}\), although it is an octahedral complex, binds identical bidentate ligands in such a way that no chirality is introduced. Thus, it does not exhibit optical isomerism.
square planar complexes
Square planar complexes typically involve a central metal with four ligands positioned at the corners of a square plane. These complexes are often associated with geometrical isomerism due to their structural arrangement.

  • They are most commonly formed with metal ions such as platinum, palladium, and nickel.

  • A classic example is \([ ext{Pt}( ext{NH}_3)_2 ext{Cl}_2]\). This complex can show cis-trans isomerism, where the chloride ions are either next to each other (cis) or across from each other (trans).

  • This arrangement impacts the complex's chemical behavior, including its reactivity and the nature of its interactions with other molecules.

In general, square planar complexes exhibit a high degree of stability and are widely studied in fields such as catalysis and medicinal chemistry, where the specific arrangement of ligands is crucial.
octahedral complexes
Octahedral complexes are common in coordination chemistry, with a central metal ion surrounded by six ligands positioned at the corners of an octahedron. These complexes can exhibit both geometrical and optical isomerism, depending on the nature of the ligands.

  • For example, \([ ext{Ni}( ext{NH}_3)_4( ext{H}_2 ext{O})_2]^{2+}\), an octahedral complex, can exhibit cis-trans isomerism depending on the positions of the water and ammonia ligands.

  • When bidentate ligands are present, such as ethylenediamine, more complex isomerism may occur, potentially leading to optical isomers as long as the ligands are not arranged in a symmetrical fashion.

  • However, in the complex \([ ext{Ni}( ext{en})_3]^{2+}\), although it features multiple bidentate ligands, the arrangement is symmetrical leading to neither geometrical nor optical isomerism.

The variety in ligand arrangements makes octahedral complexes incredibly versatile in their chemical behavior, influencing their applications in various fields from synthesis to catalysis.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

The hybridization of \(\mathrm{Fe}\) in \(\mathrm{K}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right]\) is: (a) \(s p^{3}\) \(\square\) (b) \(d s p^{3}\) (c) \(s p^{3} d^{2}\) \(\square\) (d) \(d^{2} s p^{3}\)

Which statement is incorrect? (a) \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}\) - Tetrahedral, paramagnetic \(\square\) (b) \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}\right]^{2-}\) - Square planar, diamagnetic \(\square\) (c) \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}\right]\) - Tetrahedral, diamagnetic \(\square\) (d) \(\left[\mathrm{NiCl}_{4}\right]^{2-}\) -Tetrahedral, paramagnetic \(\square\)

Consider the following complex; \(\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{5} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\right] \mathrm{ClO}_{4}\) the coordination number, oxidation number, number of \(d\) electrons and number of unpaired \(d\) electrons on the metal are respectively: [S.C.R.A. 2001] (a) \(6,3,6,0\) \(\square\) (b) \(7,2,7,1\) (c) \(7,1,6,4\) \(\square\) (d) \(6,2,7,3\)

Facial-meridional isomerism is associated with which one of the following complexes? [M = central metal] [P.M.T. (Kerala) 2007] (a) \(\left[\mathrm{M}(\mathrm{AA})_{2}\right]\) \(\square\) (b) \(\left[\mathrm{MA}_{3} \mathrm{~B}_{3}\right]\) (c) \(\left[\mathrm{M}(\mathrm{AA})_{3}\right]\) \(\square\) (d) \([\mathrm{MABCD}]\) (e) \(\left[\mathrm{MA}_{4} \mathrm{~B}_{2}\right]\) \(\square\)

Coordination number of \(\mathrm{Ni}\) in \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{3}\right]^{4-}\) is: [C.B.S.E. 2001] (a) 3 \(\square\) (b) 6 (c) 4 \(\square\) (d) 5
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.