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Magazine Chapter 11: Problem 89
Which of the following does not have S-S linkage? (a) \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{8}^{2-}\) (b) \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{6}^{2-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}^{2-}\) (d) \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}^{2-}\)
Short Answer
Expert verified
(a) \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{8}^{2-}\) does not have an S-S linkage.
Step by step solution
01
Understand the Composition of S-S Linkage
The S-S linkage, also known as a disulfide bond, is a covalent bond between two sulfur atoms. Typically, in compounds, this means sulfur atoms would be directly connected to each other without an intervening atom.
02
Analyze (a) Sulfate Peroxodisulfate (\(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{8}^{2-}\))
The persulfate ion \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{8}^{2-}\) consists of two sulfate ions sharing a peroxide linkage. The two sulfur atoms are bridged by the peroxide group (-O-O-) between them, indicating they are not directly connected as S-S, but rather connected via oxygen atoms.
03
Analyze (b) Disulfate (\(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{6}^{2-}\))
The disulfate ion \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{6}^{2-}\) does involve direct bonding between two sulfur atoms, forming the S-S linkage. It is similar to pyrosulfate which includes an S-S bond bridging the sulfate units.
04
Analyze (c) Dithionate (\(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}^{2-}\))
Dithionate \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}^{2-}\), sometimes known as thiosulfate, typically implies two sulfur atoms that have a double bond between them, thus including an S-S bond in its structure.
05
Analyze (d) Thiosulfate (\(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}^{2-}\))
The thiosulfate ion \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}^{2-}\) contains a sulfur-sulfur bond, as it comprises a central sulfur atom bonded to a sulfate group and another sulfide sulfide (S2-), resulting in an S-S linkage.
06
Identify the Compound Without S-S Linkage
Based on analysis, the compound \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{8}^{2-}\) (sulfate peroxodisulfate) does not contain a direct S-S bond as it has the linkage through oxygen atoms (O-O). The other compounds all contain direct S-S bonds in their structures.
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Disulfide Bond
A disulfide bond is a type of covalent bond that forms when two sulfur atoms link together, connecting different parts of a molecule. This bond is crucial in biochemistry, particularly in the stabilization of the three-dimensional structure of proteins. The disulfide bond can significantly influence a protein's function and stability.
- The bond itself involves two sulfur atoms, each usually originating from a thiol group (found in cysteine amino acids) present within the molecule.
- These bonds can occasionally be formed artificially in labs to stabilize synthetic proteins.
Sulfate Peroxodisulfate
Sulfate peroxodisulfate, chemically represented as (\(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{8}^{2-}\)), is an interesting molecule. It features two sulfate ions linked not by direct S-S bonds but by a peroxide bridge composed of two oxygen atoms. This bridging (O-O) is an essential part of its structure.
- The lack of direct S-S linkage means its structural chemistry differs significantly from other compounds like disulfide.
- Sulfate peroxodisulfate is often used as a powerful oxidizing agent in various chemical reactions due to its ability to break down into radicals.
Thiosulfate
Thiosulfate refers to the ion \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}^{2-}\), which contains a direct sulfur-sulfur (S-S) bond. This bond contributes to its characteristic properties that make it useful in diverse applications like photographic fixing or iodine titration.
- The thiosulfate ion includes both a central sulfur atom and a neighboring sulfur bonded directly, forming a compact and unique bonding structure.
- Common compounds such as sodium thiosulfate leverage this friendly S-S linkage to help in detoxifying substances and protecting against oxidative damage.
Dithionate
The ionic form of dithionate, represented by \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}^{2-}\), indeed involves S-S linkage, although its name might commonly confuse it with thiosulfate. This compound includes a pair of sulfur atoms directly bonded, signifying the presence of an S-S connection.
- Dithionate can be advantageous as a reducing agent due to the stability of its sulfur-sulfur bond.
- Its uses are often found in analytical chemistry, where it can serve as a medium to carefully control oxidative conditions.
