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Chapter 1: Problem 74

Which of the following is the correct statement? (a) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) is anhydride of sulphuric acid (b) \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\) is anhydride of nitric acid (c) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\) is anhydride of perchloric acid (d) \(\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) is anhydride of orthophosphorus acid

Short Answer

Expert verified
(c) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\) is the anhydride of perchloric acid.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Anhydrides

An anhydride is a non-metal oxide that can form an acid upon the addition of water. Our task is to determine which of the given oxides is the correct anhydride of the mentioned acids.
02

Option Analysis (a) - Sulfur Dioxide

Check if \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) forms sulfuric acid. When reacting with water, \(\mathrm{SO}_{2} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{SO}_{3}\) forms sulfurous acid, not sulfuric acid.
03

Option Analysis (b) - Nitrogen Dioxide

Check if \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\) forms nitric acid. When reacting with water, reactions form nitrous and nitric acids: \(\mathrm{2NO}_{2} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{HNO}_{2} + \mathrm{HNO}_{3}\), so it is not the direct anhydride of pure nitric acid.
04

Option Analysis (c) - Dichlorine Heptoxide

Check if \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{7}\) forms perchloric acid. When reacting with water, \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{7} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} ightarrow 2\mathrm{HClO}_{4}\), it forms perchloric acid.
05

Option Analysis (d) - Diphosphorus Pentoxide

Check if \(\mathrm{P}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{5}\) forms orthophosphoric acid. When reacting with water, \(\mathrm{P}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{5} + 3\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} ightarrow 2\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{PO}_{4}\), it forms orthophosphoric acid, not orthophosphorus acid.
06

Conclusion

From the analysis, \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{7}\) reacts with water to form perchloric acid, making (c) the correct statement. \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{7}\) is indeed the anhydride of perchloric acid.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfur dioxide, with the chemical formula \(\text{SO}_{2}\), is an important chemical in both industrial processes and in nature. It's a colorless gas with a pungent smell. This compound is formed naturally during the combustion of sulfur-containing materials such as fossil fuels or volcanic eruptions. In chemical contexts, sulfur dioxide acts as an acid anhydride.When sulfur dioxide reacts with water, the reaction produces sulfurous acid ([H2SO3]). This indicates that \(\text{SO}_{2}\) is not the anhydride of sulfuric acid ([H2SO4]).
  • Sulfur dioxide reacts: \(\text{SO}_{2} + \text{H}_{2}\text{O} \rightarrow \text{H}_{2}\text{SO}_{3}\)
  • Sulfurous acid is the resultant product, not sulfuric acid.
This fundamental distinction is important when analyzing and identifying the correct relationships between oxides and their corresponding acids.
Dichlorine Heptoxide
Dichlorine heptoxide has the chemical formula \(\text{Cl}_{2}\text{O}_{7}\). It is a chlorine oxide that is a powerful dehydrating agent and notably, the anhydride of perchloric acid \(\text{HClO}_{4}\). When \(\text{Cl}_{2}\text{O}_{7}\) comes into contact with water, it converts into perchloric acid. This reaction demonstrates the function of \(\text{Cl}_{2}\text{O}_{7}\) as an anhydride.
  • The reaction is: \(\text{Cl}_{2}\text{O}_{7} + \text{H}_{2}\text{O} \rightarrow 2\text{HClO}_{4}\)
  • Perchloric acid is a strong acid, matching \(\text{Cl}_{2}\text{O}_{7}\)'s role as its acid anhydride.
The ability to form perchloric acid reveals the essential nature of dichlorine heptoxide as part of understanding acid anhydrides.
Phosphorus Pentoxide
Phosphorus pentoxide is denoted by the chemical formula \(\text{P}_{2}\text{O}_{5}\). It is a critical anhydride to understand in chemistry, particularly regarding the formation of phosphoric acids.When \(\text{P}_{2}\text{O}_{5}\) interacts with water, the result is orthophosphoric acid \(\text{H}_{3}\text{PO}_{4}\). This reaction highlights its role as an acid anhydride.
  • Reaction: \(\text{P}_{2}\text{O}_{5} + 3\text{H}_{2}\text{O} \rightarrow 2\text{H}_{3}\text{PO}_{4}\)
  • Orthophosphoric acid, not orthophosphorus acid, is produced in this case.
This conversion is crucial for understanding how phosphorus pentoxide acts as an anhydride, especially in industrial and laboratory settings.
Nitrogen Dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide, or \(\text{NO}_{2}\), is a significant chemical species that plays a vital role in atmospheric chemistry. It is a reddish-brown gas with a sharp, biting odor, commonly seen in urban areas with high vehicle emissions.In the context of acid anhydrides, \(\text{NO}_{2}\) can form two types of acids when dissolved in water: nitrous acid (\(\text{HNO}_{2}\)) and nitric acid (\(\text{HNO}_{3}\)). This dual nature makes nitrogen dioxide unique compared to other anhydrides.
  • Reaction: \(2\text{NO}_{2} + \text{H}_{2}\text{O} \rightarrow \text{HNO}_{2} + \text{HNO}_{3}\)
  • Both nitrous and nitric acids are the resultant products, highlighting its differing behavior.
Understanding \(\text{NO}_{2}\) helps in comprehending complex chemical processes involving atmospheric nitrogen oxides and their conversion to acids.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following elements has the lowest ionisation enthalpy? (a) \(\mathrm{H}\) \(\square\) (b) \(\mathrm{Cl}\) (c) He \(\square\) (d) \(\mathrm{Fr}\)

An element of atomic mass 40 has \(2,8,8,2\) as the electronic configuration. Which one of the following statements regarding this element is not correct? (a) It forms an amphoteric oxide (b) It belongs to IIA group (c) It belongs to IV period (d) It has 20 neutrons

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Which of the following elements has the maximum electron gain enthalpy? (a) oxygen. \(\square\) (b) chlorine \(\begin{array}{lll}\text { (c) fluorine } & \square \text { (d) nitrogen }\end{array}\)
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