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Chapter 6: Problem 10

Discuss the use of lonic liquids as a reaction medium.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Ionic liquids are useful as a reaction medium as they are liquids over a wide range of temperature, have strong solvent power, are non-volatile, and have good electrical conductivity. Examples of reactions using ionic liquids include Heck Reaction and Diels-Alder reaction.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction to Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquids are salts in a liquid state. They are composed of ions and short-lived anions, possessing some interesting properties such as low melting points (below 100掳C), they do not evaporate easily, and are excellent solvents for wide range of compounds.
02

Properties making them suitable as Reaction Medium

The properties that make ionic liquids suitable as a reaction medium include: 1) Broad liquid range: Due to their low melting points and high thermal stability, ionic liquids can exist in a liquid state over a wide temperature range, providing a lot of flexibility for conducting reactions. 2) Solvent Power: As they can dissolve an extensive range of inorganic and organic materials, reactions can take place inside the solution. 3) Non-volatility: Since they possess negligible vapor pressure, they are safe to use, avoiding toxic or flammable fumes during reactions. 4) Conductivity: Being composed of ions, ionic liquids are good conductors of electricity, making them suitable for electrochemical reactions.
03

Examples of Reactions

An example of a reaction using ionic liquids is the Heck Reaction - a carbon-carbon cross coupling reaction. The ionic liquid '1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate' ([bmim][PF6]) has been used successfully as a solvent in this reaction. Another example is the Diels-Alder reaction, which is a concerted cycloaddition reaction. Ionic liquids improve selectivity and yields in this reaction as well.

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