Problem 29 Determine the number of moles of... [FREE SOLUTION]

Chapter 7: Problem 29

Determine the number of moles of each type of monatomic or polyatomic ion in one mole of the following compounds. For each polyatomic ion, determine the number of moles of each atom present in one mole of the ion. a. \({KNO}_{3}\) b. \({Na}_{2} {SO}_{4}\) c. \({Ca}({OH})_{2}\) d. \(({NH}_{4})_{2} {SO}_{3}\) e. \({Ca}_{3}({PO}_{4})_{2}\) f. \({Al}_{2}({CrO}_{4})_{3}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified

a) 1 K, 1 N, 3 O. b) 2 Na, 1 S, 4 O. c) 1 Ca, 2 O, 2 H. d) 2 N, 8 H, 1 S, 3 O. e) 3 Ca, 2 P, 8 O. f) 2 Al, 3 Cr, 12 O.

Step by step solution

- Identify the Ions in Each Compound

Break down each compound into its constituent ions. For example, identify the cations and anions in each formula.

- Determine the Number of Each Ion in the Compound

Count how many of each type of ion are present in one formula unit of the compound.

- Assign Moles to Each Ion

Since each compound has 1 mole, assign the counted ions from step 2 to the number of moles.

- Determine the Number of Atoms in Polyatomic Ions

For polyatomic ions, further break down the ion into its constituent atoms to determine the number of moles of each atom present in 1 mole of the ion.

Solution for Part a - \( KNO_{3} \)

KNO鈧� contains 1 K鈦� ion and 1 NO鈧冣伝 ion.- For 1 mole of KNO鈧�: 1 mole K鈦�, 1 mole NO鈧冣伝.- Breaking down NO鈧冣伝: 1 N atom, 3 O atoms per NO鈧冣伝 ion, so 1 mole NO鈧冣伝 gives 1 mole N and 3 moles O.

Solution for Part b - \( Na_{2}SO_{4} \)

Na鈧係O鈧� contains 2 Na鈦� ions and 1 SO鈧劼测伝 ion.- For 1 mole of Na鈧係O鈧�: 2 moles Na鈦�, 1 mole SO鈧劼测伝.- Breaking down SO鈧劼测伝: 1 S atom, 4 O atoms per SO鈧劼测伝 ion, so 1 mole SO鈧劼测伝 gives 1 mole S and 4 moles O.

Solution for Part c - \( Ca(OH)_{2} \)

Ca(OH)鈧� contains 1 Ca虏鈦� ion and 2 OH鈦� ions.- For 1 mole of Ca(OH)鈧�: 1 mole Ca虏鈦�, 2 moles OH鈦�.- Breaking down OH鈦�: each OH鈦� has 1 O atom and 1 H atom, so 2 moles OH鈦� gives 2 moles O and 2 moles H.

Solution for Part d - \( (NH_{4})_{2}SO_{3} \)

(NH鈧�)鈧係O鈧� contains 2 NH鈧勨伜 ions and 1 SO鈧兟测伝 ion.- For 1 mole of (NH鈧�)鈧係O鈧�: 2 moles NH鈧勨伜, 1 mole SO鈧兟测伝.- Breaking down NH鈧勨伜: each NH鈧勨伜 has 1 N atom and 4 H atoms, so 2 moles NH鈧勨伜 gives 2 moles N and 8 moles H.- Breaking down SO鈧兟测伝: 1 S atom and 3 O atoms per SO鈧兟测伝 ion, so 1 mole SO鈧兟测伝 gives 1 mole S and 3 moles O.

Solution for Part e - \( Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} \)

Ca鈧�(PO鈧�)鈧� contains 3 Ca虏鈦� ions and 2 PO鈧劼斥伝 ions.- For 1 mole of Ca鈧�(PO鈧�)鈧�: 3 moles Ca虏鈦�, 2 moles PO鈧劼斥伝.- Breaking down PO鈧劼斥伝: each PO鈧劼斥伝 has 1 P atom and 4 O atoms, so 2 moles PO鈧劼斥伝 gives 2 moles P and 8 moles O.

Solution for Part f - \( Al_{2}(CrO_{4})_{3} \)

Al鈧�(CrO鈧�)鈧� contains 2 Al鲁鈦� ions and 3 CrO鈧劼测伝 ions.- For 1 mole of Al鈧�(CrO鈧�)鈧�: 2 moles Al鲁鈦�, 3 moles CrO鈧劼测伝.- Breaking down CrO鈧劼测伝: each CrO鈧劼测伝 has 1 Cr atom and 4 O atoms, so 3 moles CrO鈧劼测伝 gives 3 moles Cr and 12 moles O.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

mole calculation

Understanding mole calculations is fundamental in chemistry. A mole represents a quantity (6.022 x 10虏鲁 entities) of atoms, molecules, or ions. To convert between moles and the number of these entities, use Avogadro's number. For instance, if you have 1 mole of \( NaCl \), you have 1 mole of Na鈦� ions and 1 mole of Cl鈦� ions because each formula unit of \( NaCl \) contains one Na and one Cl ion. Hence, comprehending the chemical formula lets you determine the number of moles of each component based on the compound composition.

ions in compounds

Compounds often consist of ions that are held together by ionic bonds. Recognizing the constituent ions in a compound is crucial. For example, in \( KNO_3 \), there are K鈦� and NO鈧冣伝 ions. Each ion in the compound retains its identity. To find the moles of each ion, count the number of ions per formula unit. For \( Ca(OH)_2 \), it contains 1 Ca虏鈦� ion and 2 OH鈦� ions. Interpreting the chemical formula helps you understand that for each mole of \( Ca(OH)_2 \), there is one mole of Ca虏鈦� ions and two moles of OH鈦� ions.

polyatomic ions

Polyatomic ions are charged species composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded. Common examples include sulfate (SO鈧劼测伝), nitrate (NO鈧冣伝), and ammonium (NH鈧勨伜). When analyzing compounds with polyatomic ions, note how many of these ions are present. For instance, \( Na_2SO_4 \) contains 2 Na鈦� ions and 1 SO鈧劼测伝 ion. Break down the polyatomic ion into individual atoms to determine how many moles of each atom are present. For example, 1 mole of SO鈧劼测伝 yields 1 mole of S atoms and 4 moles of O atoms.

chemical formula interpretation

Interpreting chemical formulas allows you to discern the number of different ions and atoms in a compound. The subscript in the formula indicates the number of each type of ion or atom. For example, in \( (NH_4)_2SO_3 \), the subscript '2' after \( NH_4 \) denotes that there are 2 NH鈧勨伜 ions per formula unit. To break it down: 2 moles of NH鈧勨伜 contain 2 moles of N and 8 moles of H. Similarly, interpreting \( Al_2(CrO_4)_3 \) shows that there are 2 Al鲁鈦� ions and 3 CrO鈧劼测伝 ions, composing full knowledge of the compound's structure.

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Short Answer

Step by step solution

- Identify the Ions in Each Compound

- Determine the Number of Each Ion in the Compound

- Assign Moles to Each Ion

- Determine the Number of Atoms in Polyatomic Ions

Solution for Part a - \( KNO_{3} \)

Solution for Part b - \( Na_{2}SO_{4} \)

Solution for Part c - \( Ca(OH)_{2} \)

Solution for Part d - \( (NH_{4})_{2}SO_{3} \)

Solution for Part e - \( Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} \)

Solution for Part f - \( Al_{2}(CrO_{4})_{3} \)

Key Concepts

mole calculation

ions in compounds

polyatomic ions

chemical formula interpretation

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