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Chapter 4: Problem 25

How do a 2\(p_{x}\) and a 2\(p_{y}\) orbital differ?

Short Answer

Expert verified
2p_x and 2p_y orbitals differ in their orientation: 2p_x is along the x-axis, and 2p_y is along the y-axis.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Basic Structure of p Orbitals

p orbitals are dumbbell-shaped and they have different orientations in three-dimensional space. Each p orbital corresponds to a specific axis in a Cartesian coordinate system: the x-axis, y-axis, or z-axis.
02

Identify the 2p Orbitals

The 2p orbitals are a set of three orbitals, labeled as 2p_x, 2p_y, and 2p_z, which correspond to the three different axes.
03

Examine the 2p_x Orbital

The 2p_x orbital is aligned along the x-axis. It has two lobes that extend outwards on either side of the nucleus along the x-axis.
04

Examine the 2p_y Orbital

The 2p_y orbital is aligned along the y-axis. Similar to the 2p_x orbital, it has two lobes that extend outwards on either side of the nucleus but along the y-axis.
05

Compare the 2p_x and 2p_y Orbitals

The main difference between the 2p_x and 2p_y orbitals is their orientation in space. 2p_x is oriented along the x-axis, while 2p_y is oriented along the y-axis. Both have the same shape and energy level, only differing in their spatial orientation.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

p orbitals
p orbitals are a type of atomic orbital present in atoms starting from the second energy level (n=2). They are characterized by their unique dumbbell shape. Unlike s orbitals, which are spherical, p orbitals are oriented in specific directions within three-dimensional space.
2p orbitals
The term '2p orbitals' refers to a set of three orbitals: 2p_x, 2p_y, and 2p_z. These designations indicate their alignment along the x, y, and z axes of the Cartesian coordinate system, respectively. All three 2p orbitals have the same energy level but are oriented differently in space.
orbital orientation
The orientation of p orbitals describes how they are positioned relative to the Cartesian coordinate system. For the 2p_x orbital, the lobes lie along the x-axis. For the 2p_y orbital, the lobes lie along the y-axis. The arrangement of these orbitals' lobes in space allows them to occupy different regions around the nucleus without overlapping.
Cartesian coordinate system
The Cartesian coordinate system is a three-dimensional plane defined by the x, y, and z axes. In chemistry, it helps visualize the spatial arrangement of atomic orbitals, including p orbitals. By using this system, we can clearly distinguish how each 2p orbital (2p_x, 2p_y, 2p_z) aligns itself along a specific axis.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

List the colors of light in the visible spectrum in order of increasing frequency.

Cobalt-60 is an artificial radioisotope that is produced in a nuclear reactor and is used as a gamma-ray source in the treatment of certain types of cancer. If the wavelength of the gamma radiation from a cobalt- 60 source is \(1.00 \times 10^{-3} {nm},\) calculate the energy of a photon of this radiation.

Given that the electron configuration for phosphorus is \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{3},\) answer the following questions: a. How many electrons are in each atom? b. What is the atomic number of this element? c. Write the orbital notation for this element. d. How many unpaired electrons does an atom of phosphorus have? e. What is its highest occupied energy level? f. How many inner-shell electrons does the atom contain? g. In which orbital(s) are these inner-shell electrons located?

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