Problem 9 Name each of the following oxyac... [FREE SOLUTION]

Chapter 14: Problem 9

Name each of the following oxyacids: $$ \begin{array}{ll}{\text { a. HNO }_{3}} & {\text { c. } \mathrm{HClO}_{3}} \\\ {\text { b. } \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}} & {\text { d. HNO }_{2}}\end{array} $$

Short Answer

Expert verified

a. Nitric acid (HNO鈧�)b. Sulfurous acid (H鈧係O鈧�)c. Chloric acid (HClO鈧�)d. Nitrous acid (HNO鈧�)

Step by step solution

Identify the polyatomic ion

For each oxyacid, start by identifying the polyatomic ion it contains. The given oxyacids are HNO鈧�, H鈧係O鈧�, HClO鈧�, and HNO鈧�.

Identify the base name of the acid

HNO鈧� contains the nitrate ion (NO鈧冣伝), H鈧係O鈧� contains the sulfite ion (SO鈧兟测伝), HClO鈧� contains the chlorate ion (ClO鈧冣伝), and HNO鈧� contains the nitrite ion (NO鈧傗伝).

Apply naming rules for oxyacids

The names of oxyacids depend on the polyatomic ions: - If the ion ends in -ate, the acid name ends in -ic. For example, NO鈧冣伝 (nitrate) forms nitric acid (HNO鈧�), and ClO鈧冣伝 (chlorate) forms chloric acid (HClO鈧�).- If the ion ends in -ite, the acid name ends in -ous. For example, SO鈧兟测伝 (sulfite) forms sulfurous acid (H鈧係O鈧�), and NO鈧傗伝 (nitrite) forms nitrous acid (HNO鈧�).

Write the names of the acids

Based on the identified polyatomic ions and the naming rules:- HNO鈧� is named nitric acid.- H鈧係O鈧� is named sulfurous acid.- HClO鈧� is named chloric acid.- HNO鈧� is named nitrous acid.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Polyatomic Ions

A polyatomic ion is a charged particle which consists of two or more atoms covalently bonded together. In the context of oxyacids, these ions typically contain oxygen alongside another element. Some common polyatomic ions include nitrate (NO鈧冣伝), sulfate (SO鈧劼测伝), and phosphate (PO鈧劼斥伝). Polyatomic ions are crucial for naming acids because they determine the suffix used in the acid's name. For instance, nitrate (NO鈧冣伝) is involved in the naming of nitric acid (HNO鈧�) and nitrite (NO鈧傗伝) is involved in naming nitrous acid (HNO鈧�). Properly identifying the polyatomic ion in a compound helps accurately name the corresponding acid.

Acid Naming Rules

The process of naming acids often depends on the polyatomic ions they contain. Here's a simple set of rules to follow when naming oxyacids.
When the polyatomic ion ends in -ate:

The acid name ends in -ic.
For example, NO鈧冣伝 (nitrate) forms HNO鈧�, which is named nitric acid.
Another example is ClO鈧冣伝 (chlorate), forming HClO鈧�, which is called chloric acid.

When the polyatomic ion ends in -ite:

The acid name ends in -ous.
For instance, SO鈧兟测伝 (sulfite) forms H鈧係O鈧�, which is named sulfurous acid.
Similarly, NO鈧傗伝 (nitrite) forms HNO鈧�, named nitrous acid.

By understanding these straightforward rules, you can accurately name various oxyacids by simply identifying the polyatomic ion present and applying the appropriate suffix.

Chemical Formulas

Chemical formulas represent the elements within a compound and the ratios in which they are combined. For example, a chemical formula like HNO鈧� tells you that this compound consists of one hydrogen (H) atom, one nitrogen (N) atom, and three oxygen (O) atoms. This specific combination forms nitric acid. While it may look complex, learning to interpret these formulas is essential for understanding chemical composition.
Here鈥檚 a quick guide on how to read them:

Elements are represented by their chemical symbols (H for hydrogen, O for oxygen, etc.).
The subscript number (the little number to the right of a symbol) shows how many atoms of that element are in the molecule.
If there's no subscript, it means there is only one atom of that element in the compound.

Having a solid grasp of chemical formulas is key to solving problems in chemistry, including naming compounds and understanding their properties.

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91影视

Name each of the following oxyacids: $$ \begin{array}{ll}{\text { a. HNO }_{3}} & {\text { c. } \mathrm{HClO}_{3}} \\\ {\text { b. } \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}} & {\text { d. HNO }_{2}}\end{array} $$

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Identify the polyatomic ion

Identify the base name of the acid

Apply naming rules for oxyacids

Write the names of the acids

Key Concepts

Polyatomic Ions

Acid Naming Rules

Chemical Formulas

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