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Chapter 19: Problem 8

What type of molecule results when many smaller units are joined in addition reactions?

Short Answer

Expert verified
A polymer is the type of molecule that results when many smaller units are joined in addition reactions.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Addition Reactions

Firstly, understand what an addition reaction is. In an addition reaction, two or more molecules combine to make a larger one. These reactions occur with unsaturated compounds.
02

Understand the Result of Addition Reactions

When small molecules (monomers) are joined together in addition reactions, a larger molecule is formed.
03

Identify the Type of Molecule Formed

This larger molecule formed as a result of the joining of smaller units (monomers) via addition reactions is of a specific type - it's a type of polymer. These polymers are large molecules composed of many repeated subunits (monomers).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Addition Reactions
In chemistry, addition reactions play a vital role in forming larger molecules from smaller ones. During this process, two or more molecules come together to create a more complex compound. These reactions are typically characterized by the breaking of double or triple bonds in unsaturated compounds.
These reactions are highly utilized in polymerization, allowing smaller units, known as monomers, to combine and form polymers.
Addition reactions are beneficial because they often proceed with minimal byproducts, making them efficient for generating complex substances.
  • Addition reactions involve combining smaller molecules.
  • They are facilitated by the reactivity of unsaturated compounds, which have multiple bonds.
  • These reactions contribute significantly to the formation of polymers.
Monomers
Monomers are the foundational building blocks of larger molecules known as polymers. They are small, often simple molecules that can easily combine through addition reactions.
Due to their reactive nature, monomers are ideal candidates for undergoing polymerization. In polymerization, monomers link together in a repeating pattern, forming extensive chains or networks. This transformation is crucial in creating a wide array of materials, including plastics, proteins, and synthetic fibers.
  • Monomers serve as the basic units in polymer formation.
  • They undergo addition reactions to create polymers.
  • Many everyday substances and materials are derived from polymerized monomers.
Unsaturated Compounds
Unsaturated compounds hold a special place in organic chemistry due to their unique bonding structures. These compounds contain double or triple carbon-carbon bonds, which are not fully saturated with hydrogen atoms.
This characteristic makes them reactive and suitable for addition reactions. Unsaturated compounds play a pivotal role in polymerization processes. When these compounds participate in addition reactions, their double or triple bonds break, allowing for new bonds to form in the larger polymer chain.
This property makes them essential in the creation of many synthetic materials like plastics and rubbers.
  • Contain double or triple bonds, providing them with reactivity.
  • They are a key component in addition reactions for creating polymers.
  • Essential for producing various synthetic materials through polymerization.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Graphing Calculator Hydrocarbon formulas The graphing calculator can run a program that can tell you the formula of any straight-chain hydrocarbon, provided you indicate the number of carbons and the number of double bonds in the compound. Go to Appendix C. If you are using a TI-83 Plus, you can download the program HYDROCAR and run the application as directed. If you are using another calculator, your teacher will provide you with key-strokes and data sets to use. At the prompts, enter the number of carbon atoms and the number of double bonds in the molecule. Run the program as needed to answer the following questions. $$\begin{array}{l}{\text { a. Dodecane is an alkane with } 12 \text { carbons and }} \\ {\text { no double bonds. What is ts formula? }} \\ {\text { b. The name } 1,5 \text { -hexadiene describes a mole- }} \\ {\text { cule with six carbons (hexa-) and two double }} \\ {\text { bonds (-diene). What is its formula? }}\end{array}$$ $$\begin{array}{l}{\text { c. What is the formula for } 1,3,5 \text { -hexatriene? }} \\ {\text { d. What is the formula for } 3 \text { -nonene? }} \\ {\text { e. What is the formula for } 1,3,5,7 \text { -octatetraene? }} \\\ {\text { f. What is the formula for } 2,4,6 \text { -octatriene? }}\end{array}$$

Explain the connection between the strength of the carbon-carbon single bond and the ability of carbon to be the basis of large molecules.

Explain why the properties of butane differ from those of butanol.

Based on your answers to the previous item, complete the following statement: For saturated hydrocarbons, as the number of carbon atoms in the molecule increases, the percentage of carbon in the molecule will _____.

What is the chemical difference between an oil and a fat?
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