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Monomers are the basic building blocks of polymers. To be effective in addition reactions, a molecule must have specific structural characteristics to serve as a monomer. The structure of a monomer typically includes a reactive site, which is crucial for its ability to form long chains known as polymers.

In the context of addition reactions, a monomer often contains a double or triple bond. This bond is like a door that can "open" or become available to connect with other monomers. Such bonds make the monomer highly reactive, setting the stage for the polymerization process. The carbon-carbon double bond in ethene, for example, acts as this reactive point, enabling it to form polymers like polyethylene.

Without this structural feature, the monomer wouldn't effectively participate in addition reactions, thus highlighting the importance of its structural composition.

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the realm of monomers and polymers, they play a crucial role by providing sites for reaction.

Typically, functional groups contain elements like oxygen, nitrogen, or various types of carbon configurations that provide a unique set of characteristics. These groups are often the most reactive parts of the molecule because they alter the compound's distribution of electrons, making them ideal for chemical reactions.

In terms of monomers and addition reactions, the presence of such functional groups, particularly those involving double or triple bonds, is essential. These groups not only enable the chemical reaction necessary to form polymers but also help determine the properties of the resulting polymer. For instance, the functional group in alcohols can influence the polymer's solubility and reactivity.

Double and triple bonds are critical in the context of addition reactions. These bonds involve the sharing of two or three pairs of electrons between two atoms, most often carbon. Their presence is key to a monomer's reactivity and consequently its ability to form polymers.

Double bonds consist of one sigma and one pi bond, whereas triple bonds feature one sigma and two pi bonds. These pi bonds hold a significant amount of energy, making them more reactive compared to single bonds. When participating in addition reactions, the pi bonds "open up," allowing the marks for chemical bonding to take place.

This characteristic is precisely what enables a series of addition reactions, where monomers continuously link to form polymers. For example, in the monomer ethene, the carbon-carbon double bond is central to its ability to polymerize, eventually forming materials like polyethylene.