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Chapter 1: Problem 20

Is a compound a pure substance or a mixture? Explain your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A compound is a pure substance, not a mixture. This is because it is made of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together, forming a substance with uniform and definite composition.

Step by step solution

01

Define Compound

A compound is a substance that is formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together. The bond between the elements is strong, and it's difficult to break them apart. Examples of compounds include water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sodium chloride (NaCl).
02

Define Pure Substance

A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition and properties that are constant throughout the sample. It is made up of only one type of particle. Examples of pure substances include elements (like iron or gold) and compounds (like water or sodium chloride).
03

Define Mixture

A mixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically combined. A mixture can be composed of elements, compounds, or both, but they are not chemically bonded together. They can be separated into their components without a chemical reaction, unlike compounds. Examples of mixtures include air, salt water, and a salad.
04

Determine whether a compound is a pure substance or a mixture

Based on the definitions explained in the previous steps, a compound is a pure substance because it is made of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together, forming a substance with constant properties throughout. A compound is not a mixture because, even though it consists of two or more different substances, these substances are not physically combined but chemically combined.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Compound
A compound is a unique substance that forms when two or more elements bind together chemically. This binding results in a material that has different properties from the individual elements it comprises. For example, when hydrogen and oxygen unite, they form water (H2O), a compound with traits distinctive from either hydrogen or oxygen on their own.

Some important aspects of compounds include:
  • Chemical Bonds: The elements in a compound are connected by strong chemical bonds.
  • Fixed Ratios: The elements are always present in specific ratios, such as two hydrogen atoms for every oxygen atom in water.
  • New Properties: Compounds exhibit properties distinct from the properties of their component elements.
Unlike mixtures, compounds do not allow for easy separation of elements because breaking down a compound requires chemical reactions.
Pure Substance
A pure substance refers to any type of matter that has a constant composition and maintains consistent properties throughout a given sample. Every portion of a pure substance has identical physical and chemical characteristics.

Pure substances can be classified into two categories:
  • Elements: Pure substances made up of only one type of atom, like gold or iron.
  • Compounds: Pure substances formed from two or more elements in fixed proportions, such as water (H2O) or sodium chloride (NaCl).
A key feature of pure substances is their unchanging nature, which means no matter how much of it you have, its composition remains consistent, unlike mixtures where composition can vary.
Mixture
Mixtures are composed of two or more substances that are physically combined but not chemically bonded. This means that the components in a mixture retain their individual properties, and changes in one part of the mixture do not affect the rest.

Mixtures can be categorized as:
  • Homogeneous Mixtures: The composition is uniform throughout, such as in the case of a sugar solution.
  • Heterogeneous Mixtures: The composition is not uniform, and different phases may be visible, such as in a salad.
The components of mixtures can be separated by physical means, such as filtration or evaporation, which sets them apart from compounds.

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