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Chapter 9: Problem 78

Give an example of an ion or molecule containing Al that (a) obeys the octet rule, (b) has an expanded octet, and (c) has an incomplete octet.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The molecule AlCl3, containing Aluminum (Al), obeys the octet rule. Aluminum does not form molecules with an expanded octet. The molecule BF3AlF3 has an incomplete octet.

Step by step solution

01

Finding a Molecule that Obeys the Octet Rule

AlCl3 obeys the octet rule. In AlCl3, Aluminum (Al) forms 3 covalent bonds with 3 Chlorine (Cl) atoms to complete its octet. On the other hand, each Chlorine atom also completes its octet by forming a single covalent bond with Aluminum.
02

Finding a Molecule with an Expanded Octet

Aluminum does not form molecules with an expanded octet as it belongs to the 3rd period of the periodic table, and elements from this period and above do not have d orbitals available for bonding. Therefore, they can't accommodate more than 8 electrons.
03

Finding a Molecule with an Incomplete Octet

BF3AlF3 has an incomplete octet. In this molecule, Aluminum (Al) forms 3 covalent bonds with 3 Fluorine (F) atoms, resulting in only 6 electrons in Aluminum's outer shell, which means it has an incomplete octet.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The amide ion, \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}^{-}\), is a Bronsted base. Represent the reaction between the amide ion and water in terms of Lewis structures.

The species \(\mathrm{H}_{3}^{+}\) is the simplest polyatomic ion. The geometry of the ion is that of an equilateral triangle. (a) Draw three resonance structures to represent the ion. (b) Given the following information and $$ \begin{aligned} 2 \mathrm{H}+\mathrm{H}^{+} \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{3}^{+} & \Delta H^{\circ}=-849 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \\ \mathrm{H}_{2} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{H} & \Delta H^{\circ}=436.4 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \end{aligned} $$ calculate \(\Delta H^{\circ}\) for the reaction $$ \mathrm{H}^{+}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{3}^{+} $$

Write three resonance structures for hydrazoic acid, \(\mathrm{HN}_{3}\). The atomic arrangement is HNNN. Show formal charges.

Summarize the essential features of the Lewis octet rule. The octet rule applies mainly to the second period elements. Explain.

Write Lewis structures for the reaction $$ \mathrm{AlCl}_{3}+\mathrm{Cl}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{AlCl}_{4}^{-} $$ What kind of bond is between \(\mathrm{Al}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}\) in the product?
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