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Chapter 9: Problem 56

Give three examples of compounds that do not satisfy the octet rule. Write a Lewis structure for each.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Three examples of compounds that don't satisfy the octet rule are hydrogen (H2), boron trifluoride (BF3), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). The Lewis structures for these compounds are: H-H for H2, B single bonded to three F's for BF3, and S single bonded to six F's for SF6, respectively.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying Compounds That Don't Satisfy The Octet Rule

There are several compounds that do not follow the octet rule, they include: Hydrogen, Boron and Sulfur compounds. Hydrogen is satisfied with two electrons, Boron compounds often have six electrons in their valence shell, while Sulfur and Phosphorous can have more than eight electrons in their valence shell.
02

Drawing Lewis Structures Step 1: Hydrogen Compound

Hydrogen is the simplest element and it doesn't follow the octet rule. It only needs two electrons to fill its valence shell. An example of a hydrogen compound is \( H_2 \). The Lewis structure for \( H_2 \) is simply: H-H.
03

Drawing Lewis Structures Step 2: Boron Compound

Next, we look at Boron compounds. Boron often forms compounds in which it has fewer than 8 electrons. An example is Boron trifluoride, \( BF_3 \). The Lewis structure for \( BF_3 \) is as follows: B in the centre with three F atoms surrounding it and single bond connecting each F to the central B. There are also three lone pairs of electrons around each F atom, but none around B, resulting in only six electrons in the valence shell of Boron.
04

Drawing Lewis Structures Step 3: Sulfur Compound

Finally, let's look at Sulfur compounds. Sulfur is in period 3 of the periodic table and can have more than eight electrons. In sulfur hexafluoride, \( SF_6 \), sulfur has 12 electrons in its valence shell. The Lewis structure for \( SF_6 \) is S in the centre, surrounded by six F atoms. A single bond connects each F to the central S, resulting in a total of 12 electrons in the valence shell of Sulfur.

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