/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 91 State whether each of the elemen... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 8: Problem 91

State whether each of the elements listed here is a gas, a liquid, or a solid under atmospheric conditions. Also state whether it exists in the elemental form as atoms, as molecules, or as a three-dimensional network: \(\mathrm{Mg}, \mathrm{Cl}, \mathrm{Si}, \mathrm{Kr}, \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{I}\) \(\mathrm{Hg}, \mathrm{Br}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
\(\mathrm{Mg}\) is a solid and exists as atoms. \(\mathrm{Cl}\) is a gas and exists as molecules. \(\mathrm{Si}\) is solid and exists as a three-dimensional network. \(\mathrm{Kr}\) is a gas and exists as atoms. \(\mathrm{O}\) is a gas and exists as molecules. \(\mathrm{I}\) is a solid and exists as molecules. \(\mathrm{Hg}\) is a liquid and exists as atoms. \(\mathrm{Br}\) is a liquid and exists as molecules.

Step by step solution

01

Determine the state of matter

Find the states of the given elements under atmospheric conditions. This information is generally found in the periodic table. Here are the results: \(\mathrm{Mg}\) is a solid, \(\mathrm{Cl}\) is a gas, \(\mathrm{Si}\) is a solid, \(\mathrm{Kr}\) is a gas, \(\mathrm{O}\) is a gas, \(\mathrm{I}\) is a solid, \(\mathrm{Hg}\) is a liquid, and \(\mathrm{Br}\) is a liquid.
02

Determine the elemental form

Identify whether the listed elements exist as atoms, molecules or as a three-dimensional network: \(\mathrm{Mg}\) exists as atoms, \(\mathrm{Cl}\) exists as molecules, \(\mathrm{Si}\) exists as a three-dimensional network, \(\mathrm{Kr}\) exists as atoms, \(\mathrm{O}\) exists as molecules, \(\mathrm{I}\) exists as molecules, \(\mathrm{Hg}\) exists as atoms, and \(\mathrm{Br}\) exists as molecules.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Elemental Form
In the world of chemistry, the "elemental form" of a substance refers to how its atoms arrange themselves under certain conditions, such as at standard atmospheric pressure and room temperature. This form can be purely individual atoms, molecules composed of multiple atoms, or intricate three-dimensional networks.

  • Atoms: An element exists in atomic form if it individually consists of single, unbound atoms. For example, elemental magnesium (\(\mathrm{Mg}\)) and krypton (\(\mathrm{Kr}\)) are found as single atoms.

  • Molecules: When elements form stable pairs or groups, they exist in molecular form. Molecules of chlorine (\(\mathrm{Cl}_2\)) and oxygen (\(\mathrm{O}_2\)) are examples, where two atoms of the same element are bonded together.

  • Three-dimensional Networks: Some elements, such as silicon (\(\mathrm{Si}\)), bond together in extended networks, which are sturdy lattice structures.
Understanding the elemental form is essential for predicting how different elements will interact with each other and manifest in various states of matter.
Periodic Table
The periodic table is a crucial tool for understanding elements and their properties, including what form they take and their state under ordinary conditions. Each element in the table is placed based on its atomic number and other unique properties.

  • Group number: Indicates similar properties and behaviors among elements, which help to predict whether an element is likely a solid, liquid, or gas.

  • Periods: Run horizontally and show trends in elemental properties as you move across the table. The transition from metals to non-metals highlights changes in elemental structure and states.

  • State of Matter Info: Generally, the periodic table will allow you to determine if an element is typically found as a solid, liquid, or gas. For example, bromine (\(\mathrm{Br}\)) and mercury (\(\mathrm{Hg}\)) are rare liquid elements.
The periodic table doesn't just offer a roadmap to elemental states; it helps visualize patterns inside a neat, predictable framework.
Solid-Liquid-Gas
The states of matter鈥攕olid, liquid, and gas鈥攄escribe different forms substances can exist in based on their physical properties. This can vary with temperature and pressure.

  • Solids: These have a definite shape and volume because particles are closely packed together. Examples include magnesium (\(\mathrm{Mg}\)) and iodine (\(\mathrm{I}\)).

  • Liquids: Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container. The particles are less tightly packed than in solids but more so than gases. Elements like mercury (\(\mathrm{Hg}\)) and bromine (\(\mathrm{Br}\)) are liquid at room temperature.

  • Gases: These have neither definite volume nor shape. The particles are much more spread out compared to solids and liquids. Chlorine (\(\mathrm{Cl}\)), krypton (\(\mathrm{Kr}\)), and oxygen (\(\mathrm{O}_2\)) exemplify gaseous states.
State of matter impacts everything from how we store chemicals to their interactions and applications in everyday life.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Use the first-row transition metals (Sc to \(\mathrm{Cu}\) ) as an example to illustrate the characteristics of the electron configurations of transition metals.

Little is known of the chemistry of astatine, the last member of Group \(7 \mathrm{~A}\). Describe the physical characteristics that you would expect this halogen to have. Predict the products of the reaction between sodium astatide (NaAt) and sulfuric acid. (Hint: Sulfuric acid is an oxidizing agent.).

Ammonium nitrate \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)\) is the most important nitrogen-containing fertilizer in the world. Describe how you would prepare this compound, given only air and water as the starting materials. You may have any device at your disposal for this task.

You are given four substances: a fuming red liquid, a dark metallic-looking solid, a pale-yellow gas, and a yellow-green gas that attacks glass. You are told that these substances are the first four members of Group \(7 \mathrm{~A},\) the halogens. Name each one.

The ionization energies of sodium (in \(\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) ), starting with the first and ending with the eleventh, are 495.9,4560,6900,9540,13,400,16,600,20,120 \(25,490,28,930,141,360,170,000 .\) Plot the log of ionization energy \((y\) axis \()\) versus the number of ionization \((x\) axis \() ;\) for example, \(\log 495.9\) is plotted versus 1 (labeled \(I_{1}\), the first ionization energy), log 4560 is plotted versus 2 (labeled \(I_{2}\), the second ionization energy), and so on. (a) Label \(I_{1}\) through \(I_{11}\) with the electrons in orbitals such as \(1 s, 2 s, 2 p,\) and \(3 s .\) (b) What can you deduce about electron shells from the breaks in the curve?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.