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Chapter 8: Problem 8

What is a representative element? Give names and symbols of four representative elements.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Representative elements are those that are found in the s and p blocks of the periodic table, occupying groups 1, 2, and 13-18. Four examples are Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Boron (B), and Calcium (Ca).

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Representative Elements

In chemistry, representative elements are the elements located in the s and p blocks of the periodic table. They exist in groups 1, 2, and 13-18. Representative elements include metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, and they are characterized by having their s or p orbitals as the highest energy.
02

Example of Representative Elements 1

Hydrogen (H) - It is located in group 1 of the periodic table, which falls under the s block and hence it is a representative element.
03

Example of Representative Elements 2

Helium (He) - Found in group 18 of the periodic table, this element belongs to the p block, making it a representative element.
04

Example of Representative Elements 3

Boron (B) - It is placed in group 13 of the periodic table and belongs to the p block, so it can be categorized as a representative element.
05

Example of Representative Elements 4

Calcium (Ca) - Located in group 2 of the s block, this element is also one of the representative elements.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give three examples of first-row transition metal (Sc to \(\mathrm{Cu}\) ) ions whose electron configurations are represented by the argon core.

Define ionic radius. How does the size change when an atom is converted to (a) an anion and (b) a cation?

Group these electron configurations in pairs that would represent similar chemical properties of their atoms: (a) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{5}\) (b) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{1}\) (c) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6}\) (d) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{5}\) (e) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 4 s^{1}\) (f) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 4 s^{2} 3 d^{10} 4 p^{6}\)

Sketch an outline of the periodic table and show group and period trends in the first ionization energy of the elements. What types of elements have the highest ionization energies and what types the lowest ionization energies?

Use the third period of the periodic table as an example to illustrate the change in first ionization energies of the elements as we move from left to right. Explain the trend.
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