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Chapter 6: Problem 7

Define these terms: thermochemistry, exothermic process, endothermic process.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Thermochemistry is the study of heat energy associated with chemical reactions. An exothermic process is one that releases heat into its surroundings, while an endothermic process absorbs heat from its surroundings.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Thermochemistry

The term 'thermochemistry' originates from two words, 'thermo' referring to heat and 'chemistry'. Thermochemistry is the study of the heat energy associated with chemical reactions and/or physical transformations. It includes the concepts of enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy, and more.
02

Definition of Exothermic Process

An exothermic process refers to a reaction or process that releases heat into its surroundings. The energy needed for the reaction to occur is less than the total energy released. Examples of exothermic processes include combustion reactions, neutralization reactions, or even the process of freezing.
03

Definition of Endothermic Process

An endothermic process, in contrast, absorbs heat from its surroundings. The energy needed for the reaction to occur is more than the total energy released. This process results in a decrease in temperature in its surroundings. Examples include the process of melting ice or the process of photosynthesis in plants.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The work done to compress a gas is \(74 \mathrm{~J}\). As a result, \(26 \mathrm{~J}\) of heat is given off to the surroundings. Calculate the change in energy of the gas.

Consider the reaction $$ \begin{aligned} \mathrm{N}_{2}(g)+3 \mathrm{H}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow & 2 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g) \\\ \Delta H_{\mathrm{rxn}}^{\circ} &=-92.6 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \end{aligned} $$ If 2.0 moles of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) react with 6.0 moles of \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) to form \(\mathrm{NH}_{3},\) calculate the work done (in joules) against a pressure of 1.0 atm at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). What is \(\Delta E\) for this reaction? Assume the reaction goes to completion.

The convention of arbitrarily assigning a zero enthalpy value for the most stable form of each element in the standard state at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is a convenient way of dealing with enthalpies of reactions. Explain why this convention cannot be applied to nuclear reactions.

Determine the amount of heat (in kJ) given off when \(1.26 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\) are produced according to the equation $$ \begin{aligned} 2 \mathrm{NO}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow & 2 \mathrm{NO}_{2}(g) \\ \Delta H &=-114.6 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \end{aligned} $$

(a) For most efficient use, refrigerator freezer compartments should be fully packed with food. What is the thermochemical basis for this recommendation? (b) Starting at the same temperature, tea and coffee remain hot longer in a thermal flask than chicken noodle soup. Explain.
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