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Chapter 5: Problem 52
Calculate the mass in grams of hydrogen chloride produced when \(5.6 \mathrm{~L}\) of molecular hydrogen measured at STP react with an excess of molecular chlorine gas.
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The temperature of a real gas that is allowed to expand into a vacuum usually drops. Explain.
In \(2.00 \mathrm{~min}, 29.7 \mathrm{~mL}\) of He effuse through a small hole. Under the same conditions of pressure and temperature, \(10.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of a mixture of \(\mathrm{CO}\) and \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) effuse through the hole in the same amount of time. Calculate the percent composition by volume of the mixture.
Would it be easier to drink water with a straw on top of Mt. Everest or at the foot? Explain.
Discuss the following phenomena in terms of the gas laws: (a) the pressure in an automobile tire increasing on a hot day, (b) the "popping" of a paper bag, (c) the expansion of a weather balloon as it rises in the air, (d) the loud noise heard when a lightbulb shatters.
Apply your knowledge of the kinetic theory of gases to these situations. (a) Does a single molecule have a temperature? (b) Two flasks of volumes \(V_{1}\) and \(V_{2}\left(V_{2}>V_{1}\right)\) contain the same number of helium atoms at the same temperature. (i) Compare the root- mean-square (rms) speeds and average kinetic energies of the helium (He) atoms in the flasks. (ii) Compare the frequency and the force with which the He atoms collide with the walls of their containers (c) Equal numbers of He atoms are placed in two flasks of the same volume at temperatures \(T_{1}\) and \(T_{2}\left(T_{2}>T_{1}\right)\) (i) Compare the rms speeds of the atoms in the two flasks. (ii) Compare the frequency and the force with which the He atoms collide with the walls of their containers. (d) Equal numbers of He and neon (Ne) atoms are placed in two flasks of the same volume and the temperature of both gases is \(74^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Comment on the validity of these statements: (i) The rms speed of He is equal to that of Ne. (ii) The average kinetic energies of the two gases are equal. (iii) The rms speed of each He atom is \(1.47 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\).
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