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Chapter 5: Problem 29

What are standard temperature and pressure (STP)? What is the significance of STP in relation to the volume of 1 mole of an ideal gas?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) are defined as 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 Kelvin) and 1 atmosphere (101.3 kilopascals). STP is significant because it simplifies calculations involving gases. The volume of 1 mole of any ideal gas at STP is approximately 22.41 liters.

Step by step solution

01

Define STP

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) are defined as 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 Kelvin) and 1 atmosphere (101.3 kilopascals), respectively.
02

Apply the Ideal Gas Law

The Ideal Gas Law states that pressure times volume equals the number of moles times the gas constant times temperature \(PV = nRT\). Under STP conditions (273.15 K, 1 atm), the Ideal Gas Law simplifies to \(V = nR(273.15)\). Remembering that \(R = 0.0821 L atm K^{-1} mol^{-1}\), we substitute the gas constant's value into our equation.
03

Calculate the volume of 1 mole of an ideal gas at STP

Once we substitute the given conditions of pressure, temperature and the gas constant into the Ideal Gas law, it reduces to \(V = 1(0.0821)(273.15) = 22.41L\). This means that at STP, the volume of 1 mole of an ideal gas is approximately 22.41 liters.

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