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Chapter 4: Problem 69

Describe the basic steps involved in gravimetric analysis. How does this procedure help us determine the identity of a compound or the purity of a compound if its formula is known?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Gravimetric analysis involves precipitation, filtration, washing and drying, followed by weighing the precipitate to quantify the element or compound in the sample. This procedure aids in identifying compounds and assessing their purity by comparing observed measurements with expectations based on the compound's known formula.

Step by step solution

01

Define Gravimetric Analysis

Gravimetric analysis is a technique in analytical chemistry that focuses on the measurement of mass to calculate the amount of a particular element or compound in a sample.
02

Explain the Basic Steps Involved in Gravimetric Analysis

There are typically four main steps involved in a gravimetric analysis. Step 1: Precipitation - In this step, the analyte, or element to be identified or quantified, is converted into a solid by a chemical reaction. Step 2: Filtration - The sample is then filtered to remove any liquid and isolate the solid precipitate. Step 3: Washing and Drying - The precipitate is washed to remove impurities and then dried to get rid of any moisture. Step 4: Weighing - Finally, the precipitate is weighed, and its mass is used to calculate the amount of the original compound or element in the sample.
03

Outline the Role of Gravimetric Analysis in Compound Identification and Purity Assessment

Gravimetric analysis allows for identifying a compound by defining the sample's composition. Since the mass of the precipitate is directly related to the amount of the original element or compound in the sample, measuring this mass provides the quantity of a specific element or compound. As to determining the purity of a compound, if the formula of the compound is known, gravimetric analysis can help verify the amount of a particular element or compound in the sample. If the observed measurements match the theoretical predictions based on the known formula, the sample is pure. Differences between the expected and actual measurements can indicate impurities in the sample.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Phosphoric acid \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)\) is an important industrial chemical used in fertilizers, detergents, and in the food industry. It is produced by two different methods. In the electric furnace method elemental phosphorus \(\left(\mathrm{P}_{4}\right)\) is burned in air to form \(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{10}\), which is then reacted with water to give \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\). In the wet process the mineral phosphate rock \(\left[\mathrm{Ca}_{5}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{3} \mathrm{~F}\right]\) is reacted with sulfuric acid to give \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) ( and HF and \(\mathrm{CaSO}_{4}\) ). Write equations for these processes and classify each step as precipitation, acid-base, or redox reaction.

Calculate the mass of \(\mathrm{KI}\) in grams required to prepare \(5.00 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{~mL}\) of a \(2.80 \mathrm{M}\) solution.

Give a chemical explanation for each of these: (a) When calcium metal is added to a sulfuric acid solution, hydrogen gas is generated. After a few minutes, the reaction slows down and eventually stops even though none of the reactants is used up. Explain. (b) In the activity series aluminum is above hydrogen, yet the metal appears to be unreactive toward steam and hydrochloric acid. Why? (c) Sodium and potassium lie above copper in the activity series. Explain why \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) ions in a \(\mathrm{CuSO}_{4}\) solution are not converted to metallic copper upon the addition of these metals. (d) A metal M reacts slowly with steam. There is no visible change when it is placed in a pale green iron(II) sulfate solution. Where should we place \(\mathrm{M}\) in the activity series?

Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions: (a) \(6.57 \mathrm{~g}\) of methanol \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\right)\) in \(1.50 \times\) \(10^{2} \mathrm{~mL}\) of solution, (b) \(10.4 \mathrm{~g}\) of calcium chloride \(\left(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\right)\) in \(2.20 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{~mL}\) of solution, (c) \(7.82 \mathrm{~g}\) of naphthalene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{10} \mathrm{H}_{8}\right)\) in \(85.2 \mathrm{~mL}\) of benzene solution.

Define solute, solvent, and solution by describing the process of dissolving a solid in a liquid.
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