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Chapter 4: Problem 25

List the general properties of acids and bases.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Acids have a sour taste, turn blue litmus paper to red, have a pH less than 7, react with bases to produce a salt and water and are proton (H+ ion) donors. Bases have a bitter taste and a slippery feel, turn red litmus paper to blue, have a pH greater than 7, react with acids to produce a salt and water and are proton (H+ ion) acceptors.

Step by step solution

01

Properties of Acids

1. Acids have a sour taste.\n2. Acids turn blue litmus paper to red.\n3. Acids have a pH less than 7.\n4. Acids react with bases to produce a salt and water, a reaction called neutralization.\n5. Acids are proton (H+ ion) donors.\n6. Most acids are corrosive and can be hazardous in concentrated forms.
02

Properties of Bases

1. Bases have a bitter taste and a slippery feel.\n2. Bases turn red litmus paper to blue.\n3. Bases have a pH greater than 7.\n4. Like acids, bases can also react with acids to produce a salt and water.\n5. Bases are proton (H+ ion) acceptors.\n6. Many bases, like bases, are also corrosive and can be hazardous in concentrated forms.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Describe hydration. What properties of water enable its molecules to interact with ions in solution?

Acetylsalicylic acid \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{9} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)\) is a monoprotic acid commonly known as "aspirin." A typical aspirin tablet, however, contains only a small amount of the acid. In an experiment to determine its composition, an aspirin tablet was crushed and dissolved in water. It took \(12.25 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.1466 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}\) to neutralize the solution. Calculate the number of grains of aspirin in the tablet. (One grain \(=0.0648 \mathrm{~g}\).)

Hydrogen halides (HF, HCl, HBr, HI) are highly reactive compounds that have many industrial and laboratory uses. (a) In the laboratory, HF and HCl can be generated by reacting \(\mathrm{CaF}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) with concentrated sulfuric acid. Write appropriate equations for the reactions. (Hint: These are not redox reactions.) (b) Why is it that HBr and HI cannot be prepared similarly, that is, by reacting \(\mathrm{NaBr}\) and \(\mathrm{NaI}\) with concentrated sulfuric acid? (Hint: \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) is a stronger oxidizing agent than both \(\mathrm{Br}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{I}_{2} .\) ) (c) \(\mathrm{HBr}\) can be prepared by reacting phosphorus tribromide \(\left(\mathrm{PBr}_{3}\right)\) with water. Write an equation for this reaction.

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