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Chapter 22: Problem 4

Describe the two major mechanisms of organic polymer synthesis.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The two major mechanisms of organic polymer synthesis are polymerization and condensation reactions. Polymerization is the process where small molecules, or monomers, combine into polymers, usually via a repetitive chain reaction induced by heat, light, or a catalyst. Condensation reactions are where monomers or oligomers with two or more reactive groups react to form a longer polymer chain, eliminating a small molecule in the process.

Step by step solution

01

Explanation of Polymerization

Polymerization is the process where small molecules, also known as monomers, combine into larger structures known as polymers. This is typically achieved via the process of adding monomers with unsaturated bonds (double or triple bonds) together, instigating a repetitive chain reaction. This process predominantly takes place under the influence of heat, light, or a catalyst. An example of this is the synthesis of polyethene from ethene monomers, which takes place in the presence of a catalyst and under high pressure.
02

Explanation of Condensation Reactions

Condensation reactions, also known as step-growth polymerization, is the other mechanism for organic polymer synthesis. In this process, monomers or oligomers with two or more reactive groups react to form a longer polymer chain. During this process, a small molecule such as water, ammonia, or hydrogen chloride is eliminated. An example of this is the synthesis of nylon from diamine and dicarboxylic acid. In this reaction, water is the small molecule that is eliminated.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Vinyl chloride, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CHCl}\), undergoes copolymerization with 1,1 -dichloroethylene, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CCl}_{2},\) to form a polymer commercially known as Saran. Draw the structure of the polymer, showing the repeating monomer units.

What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

Calculate the molar mass of a particular polyethylene sample, \(\mathrm{fCH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{r}_{n},\) where \(n=4600\)

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