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Chapter 21: Problem 10

Define nuclear binding energy, mass defect, and nucleon.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Nuclear binding energy is the required energy to disassemble a nucleus into its separate protons and neutrons. Mass defect refers to the difference in mass between the nucleons (protons and neutrons) separate and free and the same nucleons when they are in a nucleus. A nucleon refers to the particles that make up the nucleus of an atom, which includes either a proton or a neutron.

Step by step solution

01

Defining Nuclear Binding Energy

Nuclear binding energy is the energy that is required to disassemble a nucleus into its separate protons and neutrons. This energy is needed because protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus are always bound together via the nuclear force, which is very strong, so a significant amount of energy is needed to overcome this force and disassemble the nucleus.
02

Defining Mass Defect

Mass defect refers to the difference in mass between the nucleons (protons and neutrons) separate and free and the same nucleons when they are in a nucleus. The mass of a nucleus is always less than the sum of the individual masses of the protons and neutrons that it's made of. This mass discrepancy might seem weird at first, but it can be explained by Einstein's theory of relativity. The missing mass has been converted into energy, which is exactly the binding energy.
03

Defining Nucleon

A nucleon is a term used to refer to the particles that make up the nucleus of an atom, which includes either a proton or a neutron. These are the two particles that reside in the nucleus, and they are almost identical in mass.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Why is it impossible for the isotope \({ }_{2}^{2}\) He to exist?

Why is it preferable to use nuclear binding energy per nucleon for a comparison of the stabilities of different nuclei?

Cobalt- 60 is an isotope used in diagnostic medicine and cancer treatment. It decays with \(\gamma\) ray emission. Calculate the wavelength of the radiation in nanometers if the energy of the \(\gamma\) ray is \(2.4 \times 10^{-13} \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{photon}\)

(a) Assume nuclei are spherical in shape, show that its radius \((r)\) is proportional to the cube root of mass number \((A) .\) (b) In general, the radius of a nucleus is given by \(r=r_{0} A^{\frac{1}{3}},\) where \(r_{0},\) the proportionality constant, is given by \(1.2 \times 10^{-15} \mathrm{~m}\). Calculate the volume of the \({ }^{238} \mathrm{U}\) nucleus.

Why do heavy elements such as uranium undergo fission while light elements such as hydrogen and lithium undergo fusion?
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