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Chapter 20: Problem 26

What factors determine whether a given complex will be diamagnetic or paramagnetic?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Whether a complex will be diamagnetic or paramagnetic is determined by the presence or absence of unpaired electrons in its atomic or molecular orbitals. This in turn depends on the electron configuration of the complex ion, which could be influenced by the metal and the ligand field.

Step by step solution

01

Define Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic

Diamagnetic substances are those that do not have any unpaired electrons and are not attracted to a magnetic field. Paramagnetic substances, on the other hand, have one or more unpaired electrons and are attracted to a magnetic field.
02

Explain Electron Configuration

The electron configuration of an atom, ion or molecule determines whether it is paramagnetic or diamagnetic. If all the electrons are paired up in their atomic or molecular orbitals, the substance is diamagnetic. A substance is paramagnetic if it contains one or more unpaired electrons.
03

Determine the Magnetism of Complex Ions

Complex ions are a special case. Their magnetism depends on two factors: the metal ion and the ligand field. Some metal ions have unpaired electrons and are inherently paramagnetic, but the ligand field can influence the energy levels of the d orbitals and can cause the electrons to pair up. Consequently, a complex ion can be either diamagnetic or paramagnetic, depending on the metal ion and the ligand field.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give the oxidation numbers of the metals in these species: (a) \(\mathrm{K}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right]\) (b) \(\mathrm{K}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{3}\right]\) (c) \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}\right]^{2-}\)

Write the formulas for each of these ions and compounds: (a) tetrahydroxozincate(II), (b) pentaaquochlorochromium(III) chloride, (c) tetrabromocuprate(II), (d) ethylenediaminetetraacetatoferrate(II).

Complete these statements for the complex ion \(\left[\mathrm{Co}(\mathrm{en})_{2}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right) \mathrm{CN}\right]^{2+}\) (a) The term "en" is the abbreviation for ____ (b) The oxidation number of \(\mathrm{Co}\) is _____(c) The coordination number of \(\mathrm{Co}\) is ____ (d) _____ is a bidentate ligand.

Chromium exhibits several oxidation states in its compounds, whereas aluminum exhibits only the +3 oxidation state. Explain.

Explain these facts: (a) Copper and iron have several oxidation states, whereas zinc exists in only one. (b) Copper and iron form colored ions, whereas zinc does not
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