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Chapter 2: Problem 26

What are allotropes? Give an example. How are allotropes different from isotopes?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Allotropes are different physical forms in which an element can exist, like diamond and graphite for carbon. Isotopes are varieties of a chemical element which differ in neutron number but have the same number of protons, for example, carbon-12 and carbon-14. While allotropes differ in their physical and chemical properties due to different atomic arrangements, isotopes of a single element have similar physical properties but may have varying chemical properties due to the difference in atomic mass.

Step by step solution

01

Definition and example of allotropes

Allotropes are different forms of the same element that exist in the same physical state. For example, diamond and graphite are both allotropes of carbon. They are both solid forms of carbon, but their atoms are arranged in different patterns.
02

Definition and example of isotopes

Isotopes are varieties of a chemical element with the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons. For example, carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon. They both have 6 protons and 6 electrons, but carbon-12 has 6 neutrons, while carbon-14 has 8 neutrons.
03

Differences between allotropes and isotopes

Despite their similarities, allotropes and isotopes have a few key differences. Allotropes are different forms of the same element under the same physical state, so their physical and chemical properties may differ. On the other hand, isotopes of a single element will have the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons; thus, their physical properties will be similar, but their chemical properties may vary due to the difference in the atomic mass.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw two different structural formulas based on the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}\). Is the fact that you can have more than one compound with the same molecular formula consistent with Dalton's atomic theory?

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