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Chapter 18: Problem 15
Define free energy. What are its units?
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Explain the following nursery rhyme in terms of the second law of thermodynamics. Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall; Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the King's horses and all the King's men Couldn't put Humpty together again.
What is a coupled reaction? What is its importance in biological reactions?
Under what conditions does a substance have a standard entropy of zero? Can a substance ever have a negative standard entropy?
Predict the signs of \(\Delta H, \Delta S,\) and \(\Delta G\) of the system for the following processes at \(1 \mathrm{~atm}:\) (a) ammonia melts at \(-60^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) (b) ammonia melts at \(-77.7^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) (c) ammonia melts at \(-100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (The normal melting point of ammonia is \(\left.-77.7^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .\right)\)
Consider the following reaction at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) : $$ \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(s) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{Fe}^{2+}(a q)+2 \mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) $$ Calculate \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) for the reaction. \(K_{\mathrm{sp}}\) for \(\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) is \(1.6 \times 10^{-14}\).
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