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Chapter 16: Problem 59

List four factors that affect the strength of an acid.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Four factors that affect the strength of an acid are: the stability of the conjugate base, the polarity and solubility of the molecule in water, the atomic radius of the central atom, and the electronegativity of the central atom.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Four Factors

To solve this exercise, the following four factors can be considered: 1. The stability of the conjugate base; 2. The polarity and solubility of the molecule in water; 3. The atomic radius of the central atom; and 4. The electronegativity of the central atom.
02

Explain each Factor

1. The Strength of an acid is influenced by the stability of the conjugate base. A more stable conjugate base leads to a stronger acid.\newline 2. Solubility in water: Substances that can dissolve in water and donate protons tend to be more acidic.\newline 3. The atomic radius of the central atom: Larger central atoms can accommodate negative charge better, thus the strength of an acid increases with the size of the central atom.\newline 4. The electronegativity of the central atom: Higher electronegativity of the central atom assists in stabilizing any extra negative charge, therefore a highly electronegative central atom leads to a strong acid.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What are the concentrations of \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}, \mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-},\) and \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) in a \(0.20 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KHSO}_{4}\) solution? (Hint: \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) is a strong acid: \(K_{\mathrm{a}}\) for \(\left.\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}=1.3 \times 10^{-2} .\right)\)

To which of the following would the addition of an equal volume of \(0.60 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}\) lead to a solution having a lower \(\mathrm{pH} ?\) (a) water, (b) \(0.30 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}\), (c) \(0.70 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KOH}\) (d) \(0.40 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaNO}_{3}\).

List the factors on which the \(K_{\mathrm{a}}\) of a weak acid depends.

\(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) is a strong acid, but \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\) is a weak acid. Account for the difference in strength of these two related species.

Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is a weak acid and a deadly poisonous compound that, in the gaseous form (hydrogen cyanide), is used in gas chambers. Why is it dangerous to treat sodium cyanide with acids (such as HCl) without proper ventilation?
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