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Chapter 13: Problem 6

Describe the factors that affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid. What does it mean to say that two liquids are miscible?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Factors affecting solubility of a solid in a liquid include temperature, pressure, and nature of solvent and solute, with most solids becoming more soluble with increasing temperature. 'Miscibility' refers to the ability of two liquids to mix in all proportions to form a homogeneous solution, typically following the 'like dissolves like' principle in which polar liquids are miscible with polar liquids, and non-polar ones with non-polar ones.

Step by step solution

01

Factors Affecting Solubility

There are majorly three factors that influence the solubility of a solid in a liquid: Temperature, Pressure, and Nature of Solvent and Solute. In most cases, solubility of a solid in a liquid increases with rise in temperature. Pressure has little effect on the solubility of a solid in a liquid but it does have an impact in the case of gases. Lastly, whether a solid will dissolve or not in a liquid often depends on the nature of the solvent and the solute. Like dissolves Like鈥� is a general rule, it means polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes.
02

Understanding Miscibility

Miscibility is a term used to describe the property of liquids to mix in all proportions, forming a homogeneous solution. The concept is also 'Like dissolves like'. Polar liquids are miscible with polar liquids, and non-polar liquids are miscible with non-polar liquids. For example: Water (polar) and ethanol (polar) are miscible.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A mixture of \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) and sucrose \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}\right)\) of combined mass \(10.2 \mathrm{~g}\) is dissolved in enough water to make up a \(250 \mathrm{~mL}\) solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution is \(7.32 \mathrm{~atm}\) at \(23^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Calculate the mass percent of \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) in the mixture.

A protein has been isolated as a salt with the formula \(\mathrm{Na}_{20} \mathrm{P}\) (this notation means that there are \(20 \mathrm{Na}^{+}\) ions associated with a negatively charged protein \(\mathrm{P}^{20-}\) ). The osmotic pressure of a 10.0 -mL solution containing \(0.225 \mathrm{~g}\) of the protein is \(0.257 \mathrm{~atm}\) at \(25.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (a) Calculate the molar mass of the protein from these data. (b) What is the actual molar mass of the protein?

Explain why ethanol \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\right)\) is not soluble in cyclohexane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12}\right) .\)

A \(262-\mathrm{mL}\) sample of a sugar solution containing \(1.22 \mathrm{~g}\) of the sugar has an osmotic pressure of 30.3 \(\mathrm{mmHg}\) at \(35^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). What is the molar mass of the sugar?

What is osmosis? What is a semipermeable membrane?
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