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Chapter 11: Problem 62

Write the structural formula of an aldehyde that is an isomer of acetone.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The structural formula of an aldehyde, which is an isomer of acetone, is \(CH3CH2CHO\). This compound is also known as propanal.

Step by step solution

01

Identify formula of acetone

Acetone is a ketone with the chemical formula C3H6O.
02

Analyze nature of isomers

Isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms. Thus, the isomer of acetone should also have the formula C3H6O but differ structurally in the atom arrangement.
03

Identify the structure of Aldehyde

An aldehyde contains a carbonyl group (C=O) and hydrogen along with alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon atom. The simplest structure that fits these requirements and the chemical formula C3H6O is propanal.
04

Write Propanal structural formula

Propanal can be written as follows: \(CH3CH2CHO\)

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding Acetone
Acetone is one of the simplest and most common types of ketones. A ketone is a compound that features a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms. In the case of acetone, the chemical formula is C3H6O, and its structure can be represented as:
  • A central carbonyl group (C=O) flanked by two methyl groups (CH3).
  • This layout makes it a symmetrical molecule.
Acetone is widely used as a solvent in the manufacture of plastics and other industrial products. Moreover, it is found naturally in small amounts in the human body. Each component of acetone plays a critical role in its usefulness and its interactions in chemical reactions, primarily because of the carbonyl group at the heart of its structure.
Exploring Isomers
Isomers are fascinating chemical compounds that share the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of their atoms. This variation allows different structures to manifest distinctive properties from others, even though they are composed of the same elements. There are several types of isomers, but the one most relevant to this exercise is the structural isomer.
  • Structural isomers have the same molecular formula, like C3H6O, but atoms are rearranged differently.
  • For example, acetone and propanal are structural isomers.
While acetone includes a carbonyl group bonded between two carbon atoms, its structural isomer, propanal, switches the arrangement significantly. This unique difference allows propanal to form an aldehyde structure.
What is Propanal?
Propanal is an organic compound classified as an aldehyde, having the chemical formula C3H6O. Unlike ketones, aldehydes like propanal feature a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the carbon chain, which is bonded to a hydrogen atom on one side and a carbon-containing group on the other.This structural difference changes its characteristics significantly:
  • Propanal has the structural formula: \(CH3CH2CHO\).
  • It exhibits different reactivity patterns compared to its isomer acetone.
Aldehydes are central to various chemical reactions, especially in organic synthesis and biochemistry.With the carbonyl group at the terminal position, propanal interacts in reactions distinctively, offering a host of chemical functions and applications.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Describe reactions that are characteristic of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

Draw the Lewis structure for each of these functional groups: alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, amine.

State at least one commercial use for each of the following compounds: (a) 2-propanol, (b) acetic acid, (c) naphthalene, (d) methanol, (e) ethanol, (f) ethylene glycol, (g) methane, (h) ethylene.

The combustion of \(3.795 \mathrm{mg}\) of liquid \(\mathrm{B}\), which contains only \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H},\) and \(\mathrm{O},\) with excess oxygen gave 9.708 \(\mathrm{mg}\) of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(3.969 \mathrm{mg}\) of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\). In a molar mass determination, \(0.205 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{B}\) vaporized at \(1.00 \mathrm{~atm}\) and \(200.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and occupied a volume of \(89.8 \mathrm{~mL}\). Derive the empirical formula, molar mass, and molecular formula of \(\mathrm{B}\) and draw three plausible structures.

2-Butanone can be reduced to 2 -butanol by reagents such as lithium aluminum hydride \(\left(\mathrm{LiAlH}_{4}\right)\). (a) Write the formula of the product. Is it chiral? (b) In reality, the product does not exhibit optical activity. Explain.
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