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Chapter 11: Problem 47

Draw all the possible structural isomers for the molecule having the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{Cl}\). The molecule contains one benzene ring.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The possible structural isomers for the molecule having the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{Cl}\) which contains one benzene ring are: (1) ortho-isomer, (2) meta-isomer, and (3) para-isomer.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the molecular formula

The given molecular formula is \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{Cl}\). This means that the molecule is composed of 7 carbon atoms, 7 hydrogen atoms, and a chlorine atom. Additionally, we know that the molecule contains a benzene ring which consists of six carbon atoms with alternating double bonds, and 3 hydrogen atoms.
02

Drawing the benzene structure

A benzene ring is a hexagon made up of six carbon atoms with alternating double bonds and hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom. In this case, as our molecule contains one more carbon atom, it will be attached to one of the carbon atoms in the benzene ring. This extra carbon atom will also have a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom attached to it.
03

Drawing structural isomers

There are multiple ways to connect this extra carbon atom with the chlorine atom to the benzene ring, resulting in different structural isomers. The position of the attached carbon atom can be varied to get these isomers. Here are the possible isomers: (1) Attaching the carbon atom at the first position (ortho) of benzene ring, (2) Attaching the carbon atom at the second position (meta) of benzene ring, and (3) Attaching the carbon atom at the third position (para) of benzene ring.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Octane number is assigned to gasoline to indicate the tendency of "knocking" in the automobile's engine. The higher the octane number, the more smoothly the fuel will burn without knocking. Branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons have higher octane numbers than straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons have the highest octane numbers. (a) Arrange these compounds in the order of decreasing octane numbers: \(2,2,4-\) trimethylpentane, toluene (methylbenzene), \(n\) -heptane, and 2 -methylhexane. (b) Oil refineries carry out catalytic reforming in which a straight-chain hydrocarbon, in the presence of a catalyst, is converted to an aromatic molecule and a useful by-product. Write an equation for the conversion from \(n\) -heptane to toluene. (c) Until 2000 , tert-butylmethyl ether had been widely used as an antiknocking agent to enhance the octane number of gasoline. Write the structural formula of the compound.

Alkenes exhibit geometric isomerism because rotation about the \(\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}\) bond is restricted. Explain.

What is Markovnikov's rule?

How many carbon-carbon sigma bonds are present in each of these molecules? (a) benzene, (b) cyclobutane, (c) 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane.

Why is it that alkanes and alkynes, unlike alkenes, have no geometric isomers?
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