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Chapter 1: Problem 7

Characterize gases, liquids, and solids in terms of compressibility and fluidity.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Gases are highly compressible and fluid; liquids are slightly compressible and fluid; solids are barely compressible and not fluid.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Compressibility

Compressibility is the ability of a substance to decrease in volume under pressure. Gases are highly compressible, meaning they can be significantly reduced in volume when pressure is applied. Liquids are less compressible compared to gases because their particles are more closely packed. Solids have very low compressibility because their particles are in a fixed, closely packed arrangement.
02

Understanding Fluidity

Fluidity is the ability of a substance to flow. Gases have high fluidity as they occupy the volume of any container they are in and flow easily. Liquids also have high fluidity, allowing them to flow and take the shape of their container. Solids have very low fluidity as their particles are tightly bound, preventing them from flowing or changing shape on their own.
03

Comparing States of Matter

To compare the states of matter: Gases are highly compressible and have high fluidity. Liquids are slightly compressible and have high fluidity. Solids have very low compressibility and very low fluidity.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Compressibility of Gases
Gases are fascinating when it comes to their ability to be compressed. The term "compressibility" refers to how much a substance can decrease in volume when pressure is applied. Among the three states of matter鈥攕olids, liquids, and gases鈥攇ases stand out for their high compressibility.

This unique property is due to the large amount of space between gas particles, allowing them to be pressed closer together. For example, when you inflate a balloon, you compress the air inside. The more pressure you apply, the smaller the volume it occupies, provided the balloon doesn't burst, of course!

Here are some key points to remember about the compressibility of gases:
  • Gases contain much space between their particles, making them highly compressible.
  • The ability to compress gases is utilized in various industries, like storing natural gas or oxygen in compressed form.
  • The compressibility of a gas depends on its temperature and the pressure applied.
Fluidity of Liquids
Fluidity is all about how easily a substance can flow. While both liquids and gases demonstrate fluidity, it is particularly notable in liquids and is one of their defining characteristics.

Liquids have a unique arrangement of particles; while they are close together, they are not in a fixed position, allowing these particles to move past each other smoothly. This movement is what allows liquids to take the shape of their containers, like pouring water into a glass鈥攊t immediately molds itself to the shape of the glass.

Here are some essential points about fluidity in liquids:
  • Liquids flow easily, adapting to the shape of any container.
  • Despite being fluid, liquids are less compressible than gases because the particles are more tightly packed.
  • Fluidity in liquids makes them ideal for various applications, like conveying fluids through pipes.
Properties of Solids
Solids are distinctive because of their tightly packed particles, which give them a fixed shape and volume. Unlike gases and liquids, solids resist both compression and flow because there is very little empty space between the particles.

The particles in a solid are arranged in a regular, ordered pattern which contributes to the material's rigidity. This is why solids maintain their shape regardless of the container or the applied pressure.

Key things to know about the properties of solids include:
  • Solids have very low compressibility due to the compact arrangement of their particles.
  • Solids have very low fluidity, which is why they don't flow like liquids and gases.
  • The rigidity of solids is exploited in construction and manufacturing, where stable materials are essential.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Zinc metal reacts with yellow crystals of sulfur in a fiery reaction to produce a white powder of zinc sulfide. A chemist determines that \(65.4 \mathrm{~g}\) of zinc reacts with \(32.1 \mathrm{~g}\) of sulfur. How many grams of zinc sulfide could be produced from \(20.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of zinc metal?

Some iron wire weighing \(5.6 \mathrm{~g}\) is placed in a beaker and covered with \(15.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of dilute hydrochloric acid. The acid reacts with the metal and gives off hydrogen gas, which escapes into the surrounding air. After reaction, the contents of the beaker weighs \(20.4 \mathrm{~g} .\) What is the mass of hydrogen gas produced by the reaction?

1.36 You are teaching a class of second graders some chemistry, and they are confused about an object's mass versus its density. Keeping in mind that most second graders don't understand fractions, how would you explain these two ideas and illustrate how they differ? What examples would you use as a part of your explanation?

Define the terms experiment and theory. How are theory and experiment related? What is a hypothesis?

1.19 When the quantity \(12.9 \mathrm{~g}\) is added to \(2 \times 10^{-02} \mathrm{~g}\), how many significant figures should be reported in the answer? a. one b. two c. three d. four e. five
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