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Chapter 3: Problem 12

By referring to the periodic table, classify each of the following as a main- group element, a transition metal, or an inner transition metal. If a main- group or transition metal element, indicate which group and whether the element is a metal, a nonmetal, or a semimetal. \(\begin{array}{llllll}\text { Se } & \text { As } & \text { Mo } & \text { Rn } & \text { Ta } & \text { Bi } & \text { In }\end{array}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Se is a main-group nonmetal, As is a main-group semimetal, Mo is a transition metal, Rn is a main-group nonmetal, Ta is a transition metal, Bi is a main-group metal, In is a main-group metal.

Step by step solution

01

Locate each element on the periodic table

Identify the position of each given element (Se, As, Mo, Rn, Ta, Bi, In) on the periodic table.
02

Determine classification as main-group, transition or inner transition

Classify the elements based on their positions on the periodic table. Main-group elements are found in groups 1, 2, and 13-18. Transition metals are found in groups 3-12, and inner transition metals are typically located in the lanthanide and actinide series.
03

Identify additional group and type information for each main-group or transition metal

For each main-group or transition metal, identify its specific group number and whether it is a metal, nonmetal, or semimetal.
04

Classify selenium (Se)

Selenium (Se) is found in group 16 of the periodic table. It is a main-group element and is classified as a nonmetal.
05

Classify arsenic (As)

Arsenic (As) is located in group 15. It is a main-group element and is classified as a semimetal.
06

Classify molybdenum (Mo)

Molybdenum (Mo) is located in group 6. It is a transition metal.
07

Classify radon (Rn)

Radon (Rn) is located in group 18. It is a main-group element and is classified as a nonmetal.
08

Classify tantalum (Ta)

Tantalum (Ta) is found in group 5. It is a transition metal.
09

Classify bismuth (Bi)

Bismuth (Bi) is found in group 15. It is a main-group element and is classified as a metal.
10

Classify indium (In)

Indium (In) is found in group 13. It is a main-group element and is classified as a metal.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

main-group elements
The main-group elements are those found in groups 1, 2, and 13 through 18 of the periodic table. These groups contain a diverse array of elements including metals, nonmetals, and semimetals. They are sometimes referred to as "representative elements" because they include crucial elements that display a wide range of chemical properties.
  • Group 1: Known as alkali metals, these are highly reactive metals like sodium (Na) and potassium (K).
  • Group 2: Called alkaline earth metals, such as magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca).
  • Groups 13-16: These contain a mix of metals, nonmetals, and semimetals.
  • Group 17: Known as the halogens, these nonmetals include fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl).
  • Group 18: Includes the noble gases like helium (He) and neon (Ne), known for their inertness.
Main-group elements are essential to life and technology, playing a role in everything from biological molecules to household materials.
transition metals
Transition metals occupy groups 3 to 12 on the periodic table. They are characterized by their ability to form compounds in several oxidation states and are often recognized by their shiny appearance and high electrical conductivity. Transition metals include well-known elements like iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and gold (Au).
  • They often form colorful compounds, commonly used as pigments and dyes.
  • These metals are capable of forming complex ions, which are often central in catalysis and industrial processes.
Their unique properties come from the filling of the d-subshell, which allows for diverse chemical bonding capabilities. Transition metals are vital in modern technology, used in making alloys, electronics, and machinery.
chemical classification
Chemical classification is an essential concept to understand the periodic table's organization. Elements are classified based on their properties and their location on the periodic table. This classification helps predict how an element will behave in a chemical reaction and its general properties.
  • Main-group elements include metals, nonmetals, and semimetals.
  • Transition metals are those which partially fill their d orbitals.
  • Inner transition metals, like lanthanides and actinides, fill their f-orbitals.
Understanding chemical classification facilitates the study of chemical behaviors and the design of new compounds with desirable properties.
nonmetals
Nonmetals are elements that generally lack the metallic properties such as conductivity and lustrous appearance. They are found on the right side of the periodic table, typically in groups 14 to 18.
  • They hold important roles in biological systems, such as carbon (C) in organic molecules.
  • Some, like oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N), are crucial for life, playing vital roles in respiration and the atmosphere.
  • Nonmetals often form covalent bonds, sharing electrons with other nonmetals.
They appear in different states at room temperature, from gases like helium (He) to solids like iodine (I). Nonmetals are versatile and essential in natural and synthetic processes.
semimetals
Semimetals, also known as metalloids, are elements that exhibit properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. They are found along the zigzag line that divides metals and nonmetals on the periodic table.
  • Silicon (Si) is a well-known semimetal, vital for electronic devices.
  • They usually exhibit a combination of metallic and nonmetallic characteristics.
  • Used in semiconductors, semimetals allow the control of electrical conductivity, crucial for modern electronics.
Semimetals hold unique properties, allowing them to engage in a wide range of applications, from computer chips to solar panels.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Using the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (available in most libraries) or an online reference, find the following information for the element antimony: (a) Melting point (b) Color (c) Density (d) Uses

The discovery of argon (the first noble gas to be isolated) was initially troubling for Mendeleev, who argued that it probably was not a new element at all but rather a newly discovered form of nitrogen (for example, \(\mathrm{N}_{3}\), similar to ozone, \(\mathrm{O}_{3}\) ). Why was it difficult for Mendeleev to accept argon as a new element?

Balance the equation \(\begin{aligned} \mathrm{FeCl}_{2}(a q) &+\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{HCl}(a q) \rightarrow \\ & \mathrm{FeCl}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{MnCl}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)+\mathrm{KCl}(a q) \end{aligned}\)

Balance the chemical equation $$ \begin{aligned} \mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\operatorname{NaI}(a q)+\mathrm{NaClO}(a q) & \rightarrow \\\ \mathrm{I}_{2}(s) &+\mathrm{NaCl}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \end{aligned} $$

What properties do the elements in Group 18 (the noble gases) have in common? How do they react with other elements? Which of these elements is radioactive in nature? Which of these elements is used in modern balloons? What is the advantage of using this element instead of hydrogen? What is the disadvantage?
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